GABNet: global attention block for retinal OCT disease classification

IntroductionThe retina represents a critical ocular structure. Of the various ophthalmic afflictions, retinal pathologies have garnered considerable scientific interest, owing to their elevated prevalence and propensity to induce blindness. Among clinical evaluation techniques employed in ophthalmology, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the most commonly utilized, as it permits non-invasive, rapid acquisition of high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the retina. Timely detection and intervention can significantly abate the risk of blindness and effectively mitigate the national incidence rate of visual impairments.MethodsThis study introduces a novel, efficient global attention block (GAB) for feed forward convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The GAB generates an attention map along three dimensions (height, width, and channel) for any intermediate feature map, which it then uses to compute adaptive feature weights by multiplying it with the input feature map. This GAB is a versatile module that can seamlessly integrate with any CNN, significantly improving its classification performance. Based on the GAB, we propose a lightweight classification network model, GABNet, which we develop on a UCSD general retinal OCT dataset comprising 108,312 OCT images from 4686 patients, including choroidal neovascularization (CNV), diabetic macular edema (DME), drusen, and normal cases.ResultsNotably, our approach improves the classification accuracy by 3.7% over the EfficientNetV2B3 network model. We further employ gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) to highlight regions of interest on retinal OCT images for each class, enabling doctors to easily interpret model predictions and improve their efficiency in evaluating relevant models.DiscussionWith the increasing use and application of OCT technology in the clinical diagnosis of retinal images, our approach offers an additional diagnostic tool to enhance the diagnostic efficiency of clinical OCT retinal images

Research on Carbon Emission Scale and Influencing Factors of Green Logistics Industry in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai

The Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai areas are important areas for my country’s economic development. Its logistics industry is showing a trend of great development, but economic development has also caused considerable pressure on the environment. The paper uses the energy coefficient method to estimate the carbon emissions of the logistics industry in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai from 2003 to 2016, and quantitatively analyzes the five factors of energy structure, energy efficiency, industrial structure, economic growth and population. The research results show that the energy structure factors and industrial structure factors in the Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai regions have a restraining effect on the increase in carbon emissions of the logistics industry, while energy efficiency factors, demographic factors and economic growth factors have an effect on the carbon emissions of the logistics industry. The increase in emissions has a boosting effect. Finally, from the aspects of improving energy efficiency, energy structure, industrial structure, etc., it puts forward specific suggestions and countermeasures for the development of green logistics in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai

Effection of UV-LED Illuminant on the Curation of Photolatent-amidine Mixed with Bisphenol A Epoxy Acrylate under Printing Conditions

In order to make photocuring ink or coating cured by UV-LED illuminant, we synthesized (4-((hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-1 (2H)-yl)methyl)phenyl)(phenyl)methanone(PL -DBN) and (4-((octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-1(2H)-yl)methyl)phenyl)(phenyl)met hanone(PL -DBU) as photoinitiators. Different mass fraction of the photoinitiators was mixed with bisphenol A epoxy acrylate, cured by different wavelengths and power of UV-LED illuminant,and investigated the curing effects of photoinitiators on bisphenol A epoxy acrylate. The results show that the conversion of C=C double bonds of bisphenol A epoxy acrylate will increase as the mass fraction of the photoinitiators or the power of UV-LED illuminant increase. In the same conditions, the curing effect of using 365nm UV-LED illuminant on bisphenol A epoxy acrylate is better than using 395nm UV-LED illuminant. PL-DBU has a better curing effect on the bisphenol A epoxy acrylate rather than PL-DBN. When using the 8W/cm2 of 365nm UV-LED illuminant to cure a mixture of 3% PL-DBU and 97% bisphenol A epoxy acrylate, it will be dry completely in 2 seconds, moreover, the conversion reach 79%

New Polyphase Complementary Sequence Sets for Wireless Communication Systems

In contemporary wireless communication systems, complementary sequences play fairly important roles. Based on polyphase perfect sequences (PPSs), this paper presents a construction method, whose basic idea is to sample a given PPS with equal space, for yielding a family of periodic polyphase complementary sequence sets (PPCSSs). The advantages of this method include the family size of resultant PPCSSs is the same as that of the PPSs employed, and the number and length of sub-sequences in the proposed PPCSSs can be altered on demand