An Upside to Perceiving Disappointment in Close Relationships: Evidence for a Motivational, Relationship-promoting Role

Despite the longstanding interest in the role of emotions on romantic relationships, there has been scant attention to the function of disappointment. Using diverse methodologies (qualitative, quantitative, experimental) and large samples of married participants (N = 1396), the present work provides evidence that perceiving disappointment in one’s romantic partner enhances relationship-promoting motivations. In an exploratory phase, we used a qualitative, bottom-up approach to develop a framework that elucidates the affective, cognitive, and behavioral consequences of perceiving partner’s disappointment. Specifically, participants described a past event wherein their partner expressed disappointment, as well as their emotional reactions and construals of their partner’s intentions, and their motivation to change (Study 1). Most participants reported that they experienced negative emotions in response to their partner’s disappointment, but interestingly they also reported benign construals of their partner’s intentions (e.g., viewing partner’s expression as justified) and experiencing relationship-promoting motivations (e.g., changing the behavior that led to the partner’s disappointment). A descriptive, correlational study provided quantitative evidence for the beneficial consequences of perceiving partner’s disappointment (Study 2). Critically, in a theory-confirmation phase, three experiments (two pre-registered) provided strong causal evidence that perceiving partner’s disappointment boosts relationship-promoting motivations, compared to reflecting on an ordinary interaction with one’s partner (Study 3), and compared to perceiving partner’s anger, another negative emotional expression (Studies 4 and 5). Importantly, the beneficial consequences of perceiving disappointment were explained via benign construals of partners’ intentions (Studies 4 and 5). We discuss the social-functional implications of disappointment in the maintenance of close relationships

Sintering characteristics and electrical properties of 5YSZ electrolyte

5YSZ (5 mol. %Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2) solid electrolytes play a key role in NOx sensors for their important ion conduction performance in the sensing process. In this study, the influence of sintering and test temperature on 5YSZ solid electrolytes was investigated. The 5YSZ solid electrolyte was prepared by the tape casting process, followed by the sintering process. The ionic conductivity of the 5YSZ solid electrolyte sintered at 1450 °C is higher than that of other samples. The conductivity and activation energy of grain interior and grain boundary showed opposite tendency. The performance of ion conductivity was attributed to (1) the higher test temperature being applied to the working electrolyte and accelerated transfer efficiency and (2) enhanced diffusion of oxygen ions, which increased through the formation of dense structure

Facile one-pot synthesis and drug storage/release properties of hollow micro/mesoporous organosilica nanospheres

Novel hollow micro/mesoporous organosilica nanospheres (HMOSNs) of uniform diameter and shell thickness of about 90\ua0nm and 15\ua0nm, respectively, and with wormlike micro/mesoporous shell full of uramido groups, have been successfully fabricated by a facile one-pot route. The micro/mesoporosity of the synthesized HMOSNs has been characterized by small-angle and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), scan electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements. The drug storage and release properties of the synthetic HMOSNs are measured by using ibuprofen (IBU) as a model drug, and a high drug storage capacity of 531\ua0mg IBU per gram HMOSNs and a steady drug release behavior are exhibited

HiTDL: High-Throughput Deep Learning Inference at the Hybrid Mobile Edge

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become a critical component for inference in modern mobile applications, but the efficient provisioning of DNNs is non-trivial. Existing mobile-and server-based approaches compromise either the inference accuracy or latency. Instead, a hybrid approach can reap the benefits of the two by splitting the DNN at an appropriate layer and running the two parts separately on the mobile and the server respectively. Nevertheless, the DNN throughput in the hybrid approach has not been carefully examined, which is particularly important for edge servers where limited compute resources are shared among multiple DNNs. This article presents HiTDL, a runtime framework for managing multiple DNNs provisioned following the hybrid approach at the edge. HiTDL's mission is to improve edge resource efficiency by optimizing the combined throughput of all co-located DNNs, while still guaranteeing their SLAs. To this end, HiTDL first builds comprehensive performance models for DNN inference latency and throughout with respect to multiple factors including resource availability, DNN partition plan, and cross-DNN interference. HiTDL then uses these models to generate a set of candidate partition plans with SLA guarantees for each DNN. Finally, HiTDL makes global throughput-optimal resource allocation decisions by selecting partition plans from the candidate set for each DNN via solving a fairness-aware multiple-choice knapsack problem. Experimental results based on a prototype implementation show that HiTDL improves the overall throughput of the edge by 4.3× compared with the state-of-the-art

Humidity Stability of 2D Dion–Jacobson-Phase Perovskites with Hydrophobic Groups in Diammonium Spacers

Two-dimensional (2D) Dion–Jacobson-phase layered perovskites have received widespread attention for their better stability and superior photoelectric properties. In this work, the structure, optical properties, and stability of CHBMAPbI4, OBEAPbI4, and BDAPbI4 with different spacer cations were investigated. The structural changes during moisture erosion were detected based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) diffuse reflectance spectra; the results demonstrate that CHBMAPbI4 with 1,3-cyclohexyl groups and OBEAPbI4 with alkoxy groups remained stable in high-humidity environments, while CHBMAPbI4 was more stable due to the weaker polarity of 1,3-cyclohexyl groups, suggesting that the hydrophobic functional groups in diammonium spacers play a role in improving the humidity stability of perovskites

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Co-Coordinated Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Cubes for Oxygen Reduction Reactions

Transition-metal-/metal-oxide-loaded mesoporous carbon materials with hollow structures are thought to have great potential as catalysts, especially in the areas of sustainable chemistry and energy conversion. However, it is hard to load transition metals/metal oxides onto carbon materials while keeping the carbon materials unchanged through traditional after-treatment processes, thus making it difficult to determine the true roles of the transition metal/metal oxide and carbon in the reactions. Here, Co-coordinated hollow mesoporous carbon cubes (CoMHMCCs) were prepared by a microwave-assisted approach in the presence of ethylene glycol and hollow mesoporous carbon cubes (HMCCs). The synthesized CoMHMCCs inherited most advantages of the HMCCs, such as large surface area and pore volume, uniform pore size distribution, and hollow mesoporous structure, and the Co species was found to coordinate with the N atoms in the N-doped hollow mesoporous carbon cubes. The synthesized CoMHMCCs exhibited a much enhanced oxygen electroreduction reaction activity (∼50 mV deviation from Pt/C), a high selectivity (number of electrons transferred = 3.7–3.9), and excellent electrochemical stability (as low as 12 mV negative shift of half-wave potential after 5000 potential cycles) as a result of a synergetic catalytic effect