The efficacy of different training programs guided by cardiopulmonary exercise test goals for the treatment of male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

To explore the therapeutic effect of aerobic exercise nursing plans based on target heart rate in cardiopulmonary exercise tests on male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study recruited 90 male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who met specific screening criteria and were evenly divided into a control group and an experimental group based on a random number table. The control group received respiratory training based on the target heart rate in the cardiopulmonary exercise test, while the experimental group received aerobic exercise based on the target heart rate in the cardiopulmonary exercise test. Both groups received 12 weeks of exercise each. Cardiopulmonary function tests showed that peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2), anaerobic threshold (AT), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the FEV1/FVC ratio in the test group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05); furthermore, the carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent (VE/VCO2) slope was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The 6MWT of the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The CAT score, Borg score and scores related to the symptoms, activities, and impacts related to quality-of-life were significantly reduced after intervention (p < 0.05). Aerobic exercise based on cardiopulmonary exercise testing can improve the health status, quality of life and prognosis of COPD patients

Comparison of osteogenic capability of 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds and granules with different porosities for clinical translation

Pore parameters, structural stability, and filler morphology of artificial implants are key factors influencing the process of bone tissue repair. However, the extent to which each of these factors contributes to bone formation in the preparation of porous bioceramics is currently unclear, with the two often being coupled. Herein, we prepared magnesium-doped wollastonite (Mg-CSi) scaffolds with 57% and 70% porosity (57-S and 70-S) via a 3D printing technique. Meanwhile, the bioceramic granules (57-G and 70-G) with curved pore topography (IWP) were prepared by physically disrupting the 57-S and 70-S scaffolds, respectively, and compared for in vivo osteogenesis at 4, 10, and 16 weeks. The pore parameters and the mechanical and biodegradable properties of different porous bioceramics were characterized systematically. The four groups of porous scaffolds and granules were then implanted into a rabbit femoral defect model to evaluate the osteogenic behavior in vivo. 2D/3D reconstruction and histological analysis showed that significant bone tissue production was visible in the central zone of porous granule groups at the early stage but bone tissue ingrowth was slower in the porous scaffold groups. The bone tissue regeneration and reconstruction capacity were stronger after 10 weeks, and the porous architecture of the 57-S scaffold was maintained stably at 16 weeks. These experimental results demonstrated that the structure-collapsed porous bioceramic is favorable for early-stage osteoconduction and that the 3D topological scaffolds may provide more structural stability for bone tissue growth for a long-term stage. These findings provide new ideas for the selection of different types of porous bioceramics for clinical bone repair

Sustained Effects of High-Intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on Inhibitory Control

This study examined the immediate and sustained effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) bouts on inhibitory control in young adults. Participants (n = 41) engaged in (1) a session of HIIE, involving 10 one-minute runs on a treadmill at an intensity targeting 85–90% HRmax interspersed with self-paced walking at 60% HRmax; (2) a session of MICE, involving a 20 min run on a treadmill at an intensity of 60–70% HRmax; and (3) a control session, involving 24 min of resting on separate days in a counterbalanced order. Using a flanker task, inhibitory control was assessed before the intervention (t0), immediately after the session (t1), and then at 30 min (t2), 60 min (t3), and 90 min (t4) after the session. During the flanker task, the response time (RT) for incongruent trials immediately after HIIE was significantly shortened compared to that before exercise. This shortened RT was sustained for 90 min post-exercise during recovery from HIIE. Interference scores of RT were also reduced after HIIE, benefitting inhibitory control, and were maintained for 90 min post-exercise. Reduced accuracy interference scores were recorded following HIIE compared to the control session. Improvements in inhibitory control elicited by HIIE were sustained for at least 90 min post-exercise. In contrast, an improvement in inhibitory control was not observed during the MICE session. HIIE might represent a time-efficient approach for enhancing inhibitory control

Physical activity on executive function in sedentary individuals: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Physical activity has been demonstrated to promote cognitive performance. However, the relationship between physical activity and executive function (EF) in sedentary individuals is not fully understood. This meta-analysis examined the impact of physical activity on EF in sedentary individuals and evaluated potential moderators of the relationship between physical activity and EF. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched. Included studies had to report sedentary individuals randomized to either a physical activity group or a control group. Subgroup analyses of EF sub-domains, exercise prescription and age were conducted alongside the overall meta-analysis. Thirteen RCT studies were included, with a total of 752 participants. Results showed a small to moderate beneficial effect of physical activity on EF (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.40). In subgroup analysis by EF sub-domains, physical activity enhanced inhibitory control (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.63) and working memory (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.49), but not cognitive flexibility (SMD = 0.11, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.41). Interventions with an intervention length > 12 weeks improved overall EF (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.46), but intervention length ≤ 12 weeks did not (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.47). Interventions with session time ≥ 45 minutes improved overall EF (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.77), but session time < 45 minutes did not (0.17, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.44). Physical activity improves EF for older adults (age ≥ 60 years) (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.42), but not for younger individuals (age < 60 years) (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI -0.25 to 0.59). Overall, physical activity has a beneficial effect on EF in sedentary individuals, although the influence may be domain specific and influenced by exercise prescription and age. These findings have practical implications for those seeking to improve EF in sedentary individuals through physical activity

The Diagnostic Model of Ligusticum Chuanxiong Hort. Against Cerebral Stroke Using Network Pharmacology and Transcriptomics Analyses

Background: Cerebral stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Ligusticum Chuanxiong Hort. (LCH), a well-known Chinese herb, is widely used for the treatment of cerebral stroke. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of LCH in cerebral stroke and develop a diagnostic model. Methods: We employed network pharmacology analyses to identify the active compounds, targets, and underlying mechanisms of LCH for treating cerebral stroke. Molecular docking was performed to visualize the binding site between the core active compounds and hub targets. Furthermore, a diagnostic model for cerebral stroke was constructed based on transcriptomic analysis. Results: Our findings revealed that LCH contains multiple active ingredients, including oleic acid and caffeic acid. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified IL1B, CCL2, MAPK3, PTGS2, JUN, MMP9, TLR4, HIF1A, PPARA, FOS, PTEN, NFE2L2, TLR2, TIMP1, and SOD2 as the top 15 hub genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis highlighted the enrichment of TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated binding sites between oleic acid, caffeic acid, and MMP9, PPARP, PTEN, and TIMP1. The diagnostic model indicated that FOS, MMP9, PPARA, PTEN, TIMP1, and TLR2 serve as blood biomarkers for cerebral stroke. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that LCH alleviates the symptoms following cerebral stroke through interactions with the TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of LCH and offer insights into the development of a diagnostic model for cerebral stroke

Effects of Physical Activity Level on Attentional Networks in Young Adults

Although physical activity is associated with better attentional functioning in elderly populations or in specific clinical populations, the association between physical activity level and attention has been less studied in young adult populations. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the positive effects of physical activity on attentional networks extend to young adults. In total, 57 college students were recruited and assigned to one of three groups of physical activity levels (high, moderate, and low) based on their self-reported exercise. Each participant completed the Attention Network Test to evaluate the efficiency of three components of attention: alerting, orienting, and executive control. Compared with the low physical activity group, both the high and moderate physical activity groups exhibited better executive control. In addition, the efficiency of the executive control network was positively correlated with physical activity. By contrast, no statistically significant differences were detected among these three groups for the functioning of the alerting or orienting networks. These findings suggested that physical activity had a positive effect on attention in young adults, with the benefit primarily observed for the executive control component rather than for the alerting and orienting components of attention

Effects of Acute Exercise on Cognitive Flexibility in Young Adults with Different Levels of Aerobic Fitness

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on cognitive flexibility in young adults with differing levels of aerobic fitness. Sixty-six young adults were grouped into high- and low-fit groups based on their final running distance on the 20 m Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) test. Individuals participated in a 10 min HIIE, a 20 min HIIE, a 20 min MICE, and a control session (reading quietly in a chair) in a counterbalanced order. The more-odd shifting task was completed before and approximately 5 min after each intervention to assess cognitive flexibility. The results showed that young adults with a high fitness level gained greater benefits in terms of switch cost from the 20 min HIIE, while low-fitness participants benefited more from the 10 min HIIE and the 20 min MICE. These findings suggest that aerobic fitness may influence the effect of acute HIIE and MICE on cognitive flexibility. Young adults should consider individual fitness level when adopting time-effective and appropriate exercise routines to improve cognitive flexibility

Table1_Comparison of osteogenic capability of 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds and granules with different porosities for clinical translation.DOCX

Pore parameters, structural stability, and filler morphology of artificial implants are key factors influencing the process of bone tissue repair. However, the extent to which each of these factors contributes to bone formation in the preparation of porous bioceramics is currently unclear, with the two often being coupled. Herein, we prepared magnesium-doped wollastonite (Mg-CSi) scaffolds with 57% and 70% porosity (57-S and 70-S) via a 3D printing technique. Meanwhile, the bioceramic granules (57-G and 70-G) with curved pore topography (IWP) were prepared by physically disrupting the 57-S and 70-S scaffolds, respectively, and compared for in vivo osteogenesis at 4, 10, and 16 weeks. The pore parameters and the mechanical and biodegradable properties of different porous bioceramics were characterized systematically. The four groups of porous scaffolds and granules were then implanted into a rabbit femoral defect model to evaluate the osteogenic behavior in vivo. 2D/3D reconstruction and histological analysis showed that significant bone tissue production was visible in the central zone of porous granule groups at the early stage but bone tissue ingrowth was slower in the porous scaffold groups. The bone tissue regeneration and reconstruction capacity were stronger after 10 weeks, and the porous architecture of the 57-S scaffold was maintained stably at 16 weeks. These experimental results demonstrated that the structure-collapsed porous bioceramic is favorable for early-stage osteoconduction and that the 3D topological scaffolds may provide more structural stability for bone tissue growth for a long-term stage. These findings provide new ideas for the selection of different types of porous bioceramics for clinical bone repair.</p

Amino acid modified xanthone derivatives: Novel, highly promising membrane-active antimicrobials for multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacterial infections

10.1021/jm501285xJournal of Medicinal Chemistry582739-75