Forms of NSSI behaviors by gender, n(%).

<p>* anyone of NSSI</p><p>Forms of NSSI behaviors by gender, n(%).</p

Distribution of childhood abuse by gender, n(%).

<p>Distribution of childhood abuse by gender, n(%).</p

Impact of Childhood Abuse on the Risk of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Mainland Chinese Adolescents

<div><p>Background</p><p>Childhood abuse has been associated with significant increases in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors in adolescents; however, only general definitions of this risk indicator have been examined. This study identified relationships between specific forms of childhood abuse and NSSI in mainland Chinese adolescents.</p><p>Method</p><p>A total of 14,221 cases were retained from an epidemiological study involving adolescents from junior and senior middle schools. Information relating to the perpetrator, perceived harm, timing of exposure to different types of childhood abuse, and NSSI were obtained. Logistic regression was used to analyze relationships between each form of childhood abuse and NSSI.</p><p>Results</p><p>Approximately 51.0% of the students reported at least one abusive childhood experience. Nearly one in four students (24.9%) reported that they had engaged in NSSI in the past 12 months. Each type of childhood abuse, occurring at any time within the first 16 years of life, especially in situations of continuous exposure, was significantly associated with NSSI. A significant graded relationship was found between number of abusive childhood experiences and NSSI. Students maltreated by parents or others were at high risk of engaging in NSSI, the risk was greater in students maltreated by both; students who had been exposed to childhood abuse with no perceived harm still demonstrated an elevated risk for NSSI. The pattern of associations did not vary by gender.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>These findings suggest that experiencing any of various forms of childhood abuse should be considered a risk factor for NSSI during adolescence. Further research should focus upon psychosocial, neural, and genetic factors that might moderate or mediate the onset of NSSI in adolescents who have experienced childhood abuse.</p></div

Characteristics of the sample among Chinese college students.

<p>Values are presented as mean±SD or number(percentage) when appropriate.</p><p>BMI: body mass index. ST: screen time. PA: physical activity.</p><p>Characteristics of the sample among Chinese college students.</p

Associations between different indicators and hair cortisol level or saliva cortisol reactivity.

<p>Associations between different indicators and hair cortisol level or saliva cortisol reactivity.</p

Additional file 1: of Interactions of problematic mobile phone use and psychopathological symptoms with unintentional injuries: a school-based sample of Chinese adolescents

Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU). (DOC 44 kb

Association between measures of internalizing symptoms and hair cortisol or saliva cortisol reactivity by genders.

<p>Association between measures of internalizing symptoms and hair cortisol or saliva cortisol reactivity by genders.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Sex-specific association between elective cesarean section and growth trajectories in preschool children: A prospective birth cohort study.pdf

BackgroundElective cesarean section (ECS) primarily contributes to the rising cesarean section (CS) rate, and much attention has been attracted to its health consequences. The association between ECS and overweight and obesity in children has been controversial, and few studies distinguished ECS with medical indications from those without indications. Based on a large sample birth cohort, we aim to examine the association of ECS with or without medical indications on children's physical development by using repeated anthropometric data from birth to 6 years of age.MethodsA total of 2304 mother-child pairs with complete data on delivery mode and children's anthropometric measurements were recruited from the Ma'anshan-Anhui Birth Cohort (MABC) in China. ECS was the main exposure in this study, and the primary outcomes were children's growth trajectories and early adiposity rebound (AR). Children's BMI trajectories were fitted by using group-based trajectory models and fractional polynomial mixed-effects models. The association between ECS and children's growth trajectories and early AR was performed using multiple logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 2,304 mother-child pairs (1199 boys and 1105 girls), 1088 (47.2%) children were born by CS, including 61 (5.6%) emergency CS, 441 (40.5%) ECS with medical indications, and 586 (53.9%) ECS without medical indications. After adjusting for potential confounders, it was found that ECS with medical indications was associated with a “high level” of BMI trajectory (OR = 1.776; 95% CI: 1.010–3.123), and ECS without medical indications was associated with early AR (OR = 1.517; 95% CI: 1.123–2.050) in girls. In boys, we found that ECS without medical indications was unlikely to experience an accelerated growth trajectory (OR = 0.484; 95%CI: 0.244–0.959).ConclusionsECS may be related to girls' “high level” BMI trajectories and early AR. If causal, the findings will provide an evidence-based reference for early life interventions for childhood obesity.</p

Additional file 1: of Housing type and myopia: the mediating role of parental myopia

The National Eye Care Study Questionnaire (Parental Questionnaire for Grade 1–3 Children). (DOC 67 kb

DataSheet_1_Gender- and age-specific associations of childhood maltreatment with peripheral serum inflammatory cytokines in middle school students.pdf

BackgroundThe impact of childhood maltreatment on multiple inflammatory cytokines among middle school students remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to examine the associations of different types of childhood maltreatment with peripheral serum inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in middle school students, and to explore the differences in these associations between boys and girls and between late (≥15 andMethodsA total of 1122 students were recruited from a boarding middle school. Each participant was asked to respond to a detailed questionnaire on childhood maltreatment, from whom one blood sample was drawn via venous blood.ResultsIn the overall sample there was no association between childhood maltreatment and peripheral serum inflammatory cytokines; (2) emotional abuse was significantly correlated with IL-1β only in girls (B = -0.16; 95% CI, -0.28~-0.03; p = 0.06); (3) in late adolescence, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and childhood maltreatment had marked link with IL-8 (B = 0.39; 95%CI, 0.16~0.63; p = 0.01; B =0.20; 95% CI, 0.04~0.37; p = 0.08; B = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.18~0.82; p = 0.01, respectively).ConclusionThese findings also strengthened an inference regarding the effects of childhood maltreatment on inflammation of students in late adolescence.</p