Influential Factors upon Universities’ Patent Application in China Jiangsu Province: Based on Structural Equation Model

Nowadays, independent intellectual property rights have become a powerful weapon for the national competition. Mass innovation is also one of the engines of economic development. China is accelerating the construction of an innovative country. As patents are an important part of independent intellectual property rights, research on patents is helpful to China's innovation construction. Ten factors affecting the higher institutions’ patent application are summarized and extracted by carding literature. On this basis, three main factors including higher institutions’ internal environment, social environment and cooperative environment which influence the ten factors are abstracted by utilizing the exploratory factor analysis. Then, this paper takes China Jiangsu province higher institutions as an example to construct the influential factors’ routes model of higher institutions’ patent application. Structural equation model is used to verify and modify the model based on the questionnaire data. The results show that the three types of environment have a positive effect on higher institutions’ patent application, in which the higher institutions’ internal environment has the most effect on the patent application. The higher institutions’ internal environment and the social environment also have an effect on the cooperative environment, which also affects the patent application. Therefore, higher institutions and society are required to improve their internal environment and construct the favorable social environment of patent application respectively as well as the higher institutions and governments are required to create the cooperative environment that is beneficial for patent application so that they can promote the higher institutions’ patent application. Keywords: patent application; influential factors; influential route; structural equation model DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-9-01 Publication date:March 31st 202

Traditional Chinese medicine combined with hormone therapy to treat premature ovarian failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to provide critically estimated evidence for the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese herbal medicines used for premature ovarian failure (POF), which could provide suggestions for rational treatments.Materials and Methods: The databases searched included MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, VIP, China Dissertation Database, China Important Conference Papers Database, and online clinical trial registry websites. Published and unpublished randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with hormone therapy (HT) and HT alone for POF were assessed up to December 30, 2015. Two authors extracted data and assessed trial quality independently using Cochrane systematic review methods. Meta-analysis was used to quantitatively describe serum hormone levels and Kupperman scores associated with perimenopause symptoms.Results: Seventeen randomized controlled trials involving 1352 participants were selected. Compared with HT alone, although no significant effects were observed in the levels of luteinizing hormone, therapy with TCM combined with HT compared to HT alone effectively altered serum hormone levels of follicle stimulating hormone (P<0.01) and estradiol (P < 0.01), and improved Kupperman index scores (P< 0.01).Conclusions: The reported favorable effects of TCM combined with HT for treating POF patients are better than HT alone.However,the beneficial effects derived from this combination therapy cannot be viewed conclusive.In order to better support the clinical use, more rigorously designed trials are required to provide.Keywords: Traditional Chinese medicine, Hormone therapy, Premature ovarian failure, Meta-analysi

Measuring the Quality of Financial Electronic Payment System: Combined with Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS

The study aims to apply Fuzzy AHP in TOPSIS to discuss the key factors that foster the success of current third-party online payment platforms. This study organized the quality measurements into four categories and eleven sub-categories. The AHP in TOPSIS is applied to calculate the weighted averages of all categories and sub-categories to measure the quality of third-party online payment platforms. This study finds that “safety quality” is the most emphasized category, “system quality” is the second, “communication quality” is the third, and “service quality” is the least emphasized

Integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine for Menopausal syndrome: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: To critically assess the evidence of integrated Chinese and western medicine for treating  Menopausal syndrome (MPS).Methods and Materials: A search across the Chinese Biomedical Medicine (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP database (VIP), Wangfang database (Wanfang), PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted (up to October 31st, 2013) in commonly used integrated Chinese and western medicine therapies for menopausal syndrome. A number of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of integrated Chinese and western medicine in patients with PPS were included. The quality of the included studies was evaluated and a meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan5.0 software.Results: Twelve RCTs with 1155 patients were evaluated in this review. The results of meta-analysis showed that the therapy of using integrated Chinese and western medicine was significantly superior to that of western medicine alone towards improving the efficacy, relieving the clinical symptoms and decreasing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH）levels (P<0.05), even though the effects of two treatments were the same in regulating the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2).Conclusion: Compared to a regular treatment with western medicine alone, the therapeutic approach that utilizes integration of Chinese with western medicine can effectively improve the clinical efficacy and serum hormone levels in patients with menopausal syndrome. However, the evidence was not very strong due to the poor quality of the included studies.Key words: Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Menopausal Syndrome, Meta-analysi

(2,9-Dieth­oxy-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)bis­(thio­cyanato-κN)cobalt(II)

In the title complex, [Co(NCS)2(C16H16N2O2)], the CoII ion is coordinated by two N atoms from one 2,9-dieth­oxy-1,10-phenanthroline ligand and two N atoms from two different thio­cyanate ligands in a distorted tetra­hedral environment. The Co—N bonds involving the thio­cyanate ligands are significantly shorter than the other two Co—N bonds. The atoms of one of the eth­oxy groups are essentially coplanar with the phenanthroline ring [N=C—O—C = 178.8 (4)°], while the other eth­oxy group is slightly twisted from the phenanthroline ring plane [N=C—O—C = 167.2 (4)°]. In the crystal structure, there is a weak π–π stacking inter­action between two symmetry-related phenanthroline rings with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.706 (4) Å

Current antibody-based immunoassay algorithm failed to confirm three late-stage AIDS cases in China: case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Immunoassays composed of screening and confirmation are the established algorithm to confirm HIV infection in China, with a Western blot result as the final diagnosis.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>In this report, three late-stage AIDS patients were initially tested HIV antibody positive using multiple screening kits, but tested indeterminate using Western blot. HIV infection diagnosis was confirmed based on nucleic acid assays, clinic manifestations and epidemiological history. Case A was identified positive at 30 months, using Western blot, Case B at 8 months, and case C remained indeterminate until he died of Kaposi's sarcoma 4 months after HAART.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The report indicates that current antibody-based testing algorithms may miss late-stage AIDS patients and therefore miss the opportunity for preventing these cases from further transmission. The report also implies that viral load assays is not easy to be universely applicated in developing country like China although it is helpful in diagnosing complicated cases of HIV infection, so the counselling before and after testing is imperative to the diagnosis of HIV infection and risk behavior survey on the examinee should be as detailed as possible.</p

The use of Rheum palmatum L. In the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials

Background: Chinese medicine theory shows that “lung being connected with large intestine”, and the modern western medicine also shows that the lung and intestinal tract affect each other in physiological and pathological conditions. If the lung ventilation dysfunction is caused by inflammatory exudate or secretions obstruction of the small airway ventilation, blood gas partial pressure is increased and intestinal gas absorption difficulty may lead to intestinal inflation and dysfunction (Wang N et al., 2011). Rheum palmatum L. can play the roles of anti-coagulation and anti-thrombosis, and improve microcirculation through lowering the endotoxin-induced permeability of microvascular tissue, reducing tissue oedema, decreasing inflammatory exudation and necrosis, and enhancing cyto-protection mechanism (Yang TZ et al., 2014). Therefore, systemic evaluation of the evidence pertaining to the usage of Rheum palmatum L. in treating acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has significant clinical significance.Materials and Methods: Various Electronic Databases CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched until December 2015. Numerous randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of Rheum palmatum L. for the treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome were collected. The quality of the included studies was evaluated and a meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan5.0 software.Results: Eight RCTs involving 489 patients were selected for this review. The results of the Meta-analysis revealed that Rheum palmatum L. therapy, combined with routine comprehensive treatment, was significantly superior to that of routine comprehensive treatment alone, in the areas of decreasing mortality, the mechanical ventilation time, the level of interleukin-6,8 and the untoward effect, and also in improving arterial blood gas (PaO2/FiO2, PaO2) (P&lt;0.05).Conclusion: Compared with treatment with routine comprehensive alone, Rheum palmatum L. treatment combined with routine comprehensive, has been shown to effectively decrease the mortality, mechanical ventilation time and ameliorate the arterial blood gas, the cytokine levels, and the untoward effect. However, the evidence appears not to be very compelling due to the poor quality of the original studies.Keywords: Rheum palmatum L., Western medicine therapy, ALI/ARDS, Systematic Review, Meta-analysi

catena-Poly[[[N′-(4-cyano­benzyl­idene)nicotinohydrazide)silver(I)]-μ-N′-(4-cyano­benzyl­idene)nicotinohydrazide] hexa­fluorido­phosphate]

In the title polymer, {[Ag(C14H10N4O)2]PF6}n, each AgI ion is coordinated by two N atoms from two pyridyl rings of independent N′-(4-cyano­benzyl­idene)nicotinohydrazide ligands, and one N atom from one carbonitrile group of a symmetry-related ligand in a distorted T-shaped geometry. The ligands exhibit two modes of coordination. One acts as a bridge connecting Ag atoms to form one-dimensional chains along [01]. The other acts as a terminal monodentate ligand, coordinating to Ag through its pyridyl N atom. Two neighbouring anti­parallel chains in the crystal are connected through N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Other adjacent chains are packed via Ag⋯O inter­actions, with Ag⋯O separations of 2.876 (2) Å. In addition, PF6 − counter-anions inter­act with the hydrazone groups through N—H⋯F hydrogen bonds. The PF6 − anion is disordered over two sites, with occupancies of 0.773 (8) and 0.227 (8)