Stimulation of TRPV1 by green laser light

Low-level laser irradiation of visible light had been introduced as a medical treatment already more than 40 years ago, but its medical application still remains controversial. Laser stimulation of acupuncture points has also been introduced, and mast-cells degranulation has been suggested. Activation of TRPV ion channels may be involved in the degranulation. Here, we investigated whether TRPV1 could serve as candidate for laser-induced mast cell activation. Activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin resulted in degranulation. To investigate the effect of laser irradiation on TRPV1, we used the Xenopus oocyte as expression and model system. We show that TRPV1 can functionally be expressed in the oocyte by (a) activation by capsaicin (K 1/2 = 1.1 μM), (b) activation by temperatures exceeding 42°C, (c) activation by reduced pH (from 7.4 to 6.2), and (d) inhibition by ruthenium red. Red (637 nm) as well as blue (406 nm) light neither affected membrane currents in oocytes nor did it modulate capsaicin-induced current. In contrast, green laser light (532 nm) produced power-dependent activation of TRPV1. In conclusion, we could show that green light is effective at the cellular level to activate TRPV1. To which extend green light is of medical relevance needs further investigation

Landscape Planning and Public Space Optimization of Grand Canal Cultural Park based on Computer-aided Design

Collaborative As the rate of urbanisation is increasing at a very fast pace, there is a huge demand for Landscape planning with proper public space optimisation. China, a country which has witnessed rapid growth in population and economics, has become a target of urbanisation. The country is known for its aesthetic appeal in the Grand Canal cultural park, which has been a primary factor in the country's development since ancient times. However, landscape planning with efficient utilization of available public space in the region using contemporary computing technologies is the need of the hour. This work focuses on deploying Computer-Aided Design in landscape planning using the Artisan plugin, specifically meant for environment planning. The special tools available in this plugin help landscape planning architects to accurately study the characteristics of the landscape, like terrain, water bodies, planar regions, etc. Also, this work proposed a four-phased model that aids the development process of landscape planning activity by including micro-level factors that directly interact with the environment. In future, this model could be extended to include AR, VR, AI and ML technologies