(2,2′-Bipyridine-κ2 N,N′){N-[(2-oxidonaphthalen-1-yl-κO)methyl­idene]-l-valinato-κO}copper(II) trihydrate

In the title complex, [Cu(C16H15NO3)(C10H8N2)]·3H2O, the CuII atom is five coordinated by O,N,O′-donor atoms of the Schiff base ligand and by two N atoms of the 2,2′-bipyridine ligand in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to (011) by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Multimodality Molecular Imaging of Cardiovascular Disease Based on Nanoprobes

Recently, multimodality molecular imaging has evolved into a fast-growing research field with goals of detecting and measuring biological processes in vivo non-invasively. Researchers have come to realize that the complementary abilities of different imaging modalities over single modality could provide more precisely information for the diagnosis of diseases. At present, nanoparticles-based multimodal imaging probes have received significant attention because of their ease of preparation and straightforward integration of each modality into one entity. More importantly, nanotechnology has an increasing impact on multimodality molecular imaging of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque, myocardial infarction, angiogenesis, apoptosis and so on. In this review, we briefly summarize that various nanoprobes are exploited for targeted molecular imaging of cardiovascular diseases, as well as associated multimodality imaging approaches and their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Mortality and Attrition Rates within the First Year of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation among People Living with HIV in Guangxi, China: An Observational Cohort Study

Objective. To assess the mortality and attrition rates within the first year of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in rural Guangxi, China. Design. Observational cohort study. Setting. The core treatment indicators and data were collected with standard and essential procedures as per the Free ART Manual guidelines across all the rural health care centers of Guangxi. Participants. 58,115 PLHIV who were under ART were included in the study. Interventions. The data collected included sociodemographic characteristics that consist of age, sex, marital status, route of HIV transmission, CD4 cell count before ART, initial ART regimen, level of ART site, and year of ART initiation. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures. Mortality and attrition rate following ART initiation. Results. The average mortality rate was 5.94 deaths, and 17.52 attritions per 100 person-years within the first year of ART initiation among PLHIV. The mortality rate was higher among intravenous drug users (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) 1.27, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.14-1.43), prefecture as a level of ART site (AHR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.28), and county as the level of ART site (AHR 2.12, 95% CI 1.90-2.37). Attrition was higher among intravenous drug users (AHR 1.87, 95% CI 1.75-2.00), the first-line ART containing AZT (AHR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.16), and first-line ART containing LVP/r (AHR 1.34, 95% CI 1.23-1.46). Conclusion. The mortality and attrition rates were both at the highest level in the first year of post-ART; continued improvement in the quality of HIV treatment and care is needed

Clinical research on RSV prevention in children and pregnant women: progress and perspectives

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant causative agent of bronchitis and pneumonia in infants and children. The identification and structural analysis of the surface fusion glycoprotein of RSV represents a pivotal advancement in the development of RSV prevention. This review provides a comprehensive summary of RSV monoclonal antibody (mAb) and vaccine clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, emphasizing on the classification, name, target, phase, clinical outcomes, and safety data of RSV vaccination in newborns, infants and children. We also discuss the characteristics of the types of RSV vaccines for maternal immunity and summarize the current clinical research progress of RSV vaccination in pregnant women and their protective efficacy in infants. This review will provide new ideas for the development of RSV prevention for children in the future

Peripheral blood CD19 positive B lymphocytes increase after ischemic stroke and correlate with carotid atherosclerosis

IntroductionAtherosclerosis is the primary pathological basis of ischemic stroke, and dyslipidemia is one of its major etiological factors. Acute ischemic stroke patients exhibit imbalances in lymphocyte subpopulations, yet the correlation between these dynamic changes in lymphocyte subpopulations and lipid metabolism disorders, as well as carotid atherosclerosis in stroke patients remains poorly understood.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the demographic data, risk factors of cerebrovascular disease, laboratory examination (lymphocyte subsets, lipid indexes, etc.), clinical features and c;/]-sity from December 2017 to September 2019 and non-stroke patients with dizziness/vertigo during the same period.ResultsThe results showed that peripheral B lymphocyte proportions are elevated in acute ischemic stroke patients compared with those of the control group (13.6 ± 5.3 vs. 11.7 ± 4.4%, p = 0.006). Higher B lymphocyte proportions are associated with concurrent dyslipidemia, increased levels of vascular risk factors including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), as well as decreased levels of the protective factor high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Elevated B lymphocyte proportions are independently correlated with carotid atherosclerosis in stroke patients.DiscussionWe found CD19 positive B Lymphocytes increase after ischemic stroke and correlate with Carotid Atherosclerosis. Lymphocyte subpopulations should be highlighted in stroke patients

Semaphorin 3A Contributes to Secondary Blood–Brain Barrier Damage After Traumatic Brain Injury

Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) is a member of the Semaphorins family, a class of membrane-associated protein that participates in the construction of nerve networks. SEMA3A has been reported to affect vascular permeability previously, but its influence in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still unknown. To investigate the effects of SEMA3A, we used a mouse TBI model with a controlled cortical impact (CCI) device and a blood–brain barrier (BBB) injury model in vitro with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). We tested post-TBI changes in SEMA3A, and its related receptors (Nrp-1 and plexin-A1) expression and distribution through western blotting and double-immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Neurological outcomes were evaluated by modified neurological severity scores (mNSSs) and beam-walking test. We examined BBB damage through Evans Blue dye extravasation, brain water content, and western blotting for VE-cadherin and p-VE-cadherin in vivo, and we examined the endothelial cell barrier through hopping probe ion conductance microscopy (HPICM), transwell leakage, and western blotting for VE-cadherin and p-VE-cadherin in vitro. Changes in miR-30b-5p were assessed by RT-PCR. Finally, the neuroprotective function of miR-30b-5p is measured by brain water content, mNSSs and beam-walking test. SEMA3A expression varied following TBI and peaked on the third day which expressed approximate fourfold increase compared with sham group, with the protein concentrated at the lesion boundary. SEMA3A contributed to neurological function deficits and secondary BBB damage in vivo. Our results demonstrated that SEMA3A level following OGD injury almost doubled than control group, and the negative effects of OGD injury can be improved by blocking SEMA3A expression. Furthermore, the expression of miR-30b-5p decreased approximate 40% at the third day and 60% at the seventh day post-CCI. OGD injury also exhibited an effect to approximately decrease 50% of miR-30b-5p expression. Additionally, the expression of SEMA3A post-TBI is regulated by miR-30b-5p, and miR-30b-5p could improve neurological outcomes post-TBI efficiently. Our results demonstrate that SEMA3A is a significant factor in secondary BBB damage after TBI and can be abolished by miR-30b-5p, which represents a potential therapeutic target

A comprehensive genome variation map of melon identifies multiple domestication events and loci influencing agronomic traits

Melon is an economically important fruit crop that has been cultivated for thousands of years; however, the genetic basis and history of its domestication still remain largely unknown. Here we report a comprehensive map of the genomic variation in melon derived from the resequencing of 1,175 accessions, which represent the global diversity of the species. Our results suggest that three independent domestication events occurred in melon, two in India and one in Africa. We detected two independent sets of domestication sweeps, resulting in diverse characteristics of the two subspecies melo and agrestis during melon breeding. Genome-wide association studies for 16 agronomic traits identified 208 loci significantly associated with fruit mass, quality and morphological characters. This study sheds light on the domestication history of melon and provides a valuable resource for genomics-assisted breeding of this important crop.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Willingness to Accept HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the awareness and acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and potential predicting factors. METHODS: This study was conducted among MSM in Beijing, China. Study participants, randomly selected from an MSM cohort, completed a structured questionnaire, and provided their blood samples to test for HIV infection and syphilis. Univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with willingness to accept (WTA) PrEP. Factors independently associated with willingness to accept were identified by entering variables into stepwise logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 152 MSM completed the survey; 11.2% had ever heard of PrEP and 67.8% were willing to accept it. Univariate analysis showed that age, years of education, consistent condom use in the past 6 months, heterosexual behavior in the past 6 months, having ever heard of PrEP and the side effects of antiretroviral drugs, and worry about antiretroviral drugs cost were significantly associated with willingness to accept PrEP. In the multivariate logistic regression model, only consistent condom use in the past 6 months (odds ratio [OR]: 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.70) and having ever heard of the side effects of antiretroviral drugs (OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.14-0.67) were independently associated with willingness to accept PrEP. CONCLUSIONS: The awareness of PrEP in the MSM population was low. Sexual behavioral characteristics and knowledge about ART drugs may have effects on willingness to accept PrEP. Comprehensive prevention strategies should be recommended in the MSM community