Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Methylprednisolone as Adjunct to Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large-Vessel Occlusion Stroke

Importance It is uncertain whether intravenous methylprednisolone improves outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion (LVO) undergoing endovascular thrombectomy. Objective To assess the efficacy and adverse events of adjunctive intravenous low-dose methylprednisolone to endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke secondary to LVO. Design, Setting, and Participants This investigator-initiated, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was implemented at 82 hospitals in China, enrolling 1680 patients with stroke and proximal intracranial LVO presenting within 24 hours of time last known to be well. Recruitment took place between February 9, 2022, and June 30, 2023, with a final follow-up on September 30, 2023.InterventionsEligible patients were randomly assigned to intravenous methylprednisolone (n = 839) at 2 mg/kg/d or placebo (n = 841) for 3 days adjunctive to endovascular thrombectomy. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary efficacy outcome was disability level at 90 days as measured by the overall distribution of the modified Rankin Scale scores (range, 0 [no symptoms] to 6 [death]). The primary safety outcomes included mortality at 90 days and the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 48 hours. Results Among 1680 patients randomized (median age, 69 years; 727 female [43.3%]), 1673 (99.6%) completed the trial. The median 90-day modified Rankin Scale score was 3 (IQR, 1-5) in the methylprednisolone group vs 3 (IQR, 1-6) in the placebo group (adjusted generalized odds ratio for a lower level of disability, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.96-1.25]; P = .17). In the methylprednisolone group, there was a lower mortality rate (23.2% vs 28.5%; adjusted risk ratio, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.71-0.98]; P = .03) and a lower rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (8.6% vs 11.7%; adjusted risk ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.55-0.99]; P = .04) compared with placebo. Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with acute ischemic stroke due to LVO undergoing endovascular thrombectomy, adjunctive methylprednisolone added to endovascular thrombectomy did not significantly improve the degree of overall disability.Trial RegistrationChiCTR.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR210005172

Student Experience and Satisfaction in Academic Libraries: A Comparative Study among Three Universities in Wuhan

In recent years, the spatial renovation of university libraries in various countries has focused on readers’ needs and followed the trend to develop learning spaces as a primary spatial form. In this study, we reviewed six spatial dimensions affecting student users’ learning experience. Specifically, we built a theory- and practice-based conceptual analysis framework to measure users’ satisfaction with recent spatial renovations at three university libraries in Wuhan, China. We used SPSS statistical software to conduct multiple linear regression analyses of spatial satisfaction. The findings show that five spatial dimensions significantly affect students’ satisfaction with library space, namely, service facility availability, quality of interior design, physical environment elements, spatial diversity, and learning space controllability. Service facility availability is the most critical factor affecting spatial satisfaction. In this study, we present empirical, evidence-based space elements that enhance user satisfaction with library spaces, and provide targeted design suggestions for future library space renovation and the optimization of space allocation and expansion of space services at university libraries in China

Modeling and Analysis of the Noise Performance of the Capacitive Sensing Circuit with a Differential Transformer

Capacitive sensing is a key technique to measure the test mass movement with a high resolution for space-borne gravitational wave detectors, such as Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and TianQin. The capacitance resolution requirement of TianQin is higher than that of LISA, as the arm length of TianQin is about 15 times shorter. In this paper, the transfer function and capacitance measurement noise of the circuit are modeled and analyzed. Figure-of-merits, including the product of the inductance L and the quality factor Q of the transformer, are proposed to optimize the transformer and the capacitance measurement resolution of the circuit. The LQ product improvement and the resonant frequency augmentation are the key factors to enhance the capacitance measurement resolution. We fabricated a transformer with a high LQ product over a wide frequency band. The evaluation showed that the transformer can generate a capacitance resolution of 0.11 aF/Hz1/2 at a resonant frequency of 200 kHz, and the amplitude of the injection wave would be 0.6 V. This result supports the potential application of the proposed transformer in space-borne gravitational wave detection and demonstrates that it could relieve the stringent requirements for other parameters in the TianQin mission

Preparation of C/Zr0.5Hf0.5C-SiC composite by PIP process and its microstructure and flexural properties

Based on the self-made Zr0.5Hf0.5C precursor and commercial liquid polycarbosilane, C/Zr0.5Hf0.5C-SiC composite was successfully prepared by the precursor impregnation and pyrolysis(PIP) process. The influence of the thickness of pyrolytic C coating on the structure and bending properties of composite materials was studied. The results show that the self-made Zr0.5Hf0.5C precursor can be converted into Zr0.5Hf0.5C solid solution at a relatively low temperature of 1400 ℃. Because of its good permeability, the transformed Zr0.5Hf0.5C matrix exists in both the inter-bundle and intra-bundle regions of the C/Zr0.5Hf0.5C-SiC composite, which presents as a layered structure on SiC matrix. The phase composition of C/Zr0.5Hf0.5C-SiC composite mainly includes C, SiC and Zr0.5Hf0.5C. The densities of three groups of composites with different thicknesses of pyrolytic C coating (0.67, 0.84, 1.36 μm) are 2.07, 1.99, 1.98 g/cm3, respectively. SiC content in the composite decreases with the increase of the thickness of pyrolytic C coating. The three groups of composites with different thicknesses show pseudoplastic fracture mode during bending loading tests, bending strength, bending modulus and fracture toughness are above 410 MPa, 60 GPa and 15.6 MPa·m1/2, respectively. Good interface bonding and pre-introduced SiC matrix are the keys to obtaining excellent bending properties of C/Zr0.5Hf0.5C-SiC composites

Synergistic Effect of Alloying on the Strength and Ductility of High Carbon Pearlitic Steel

In this work, the effects of the micro-alloying of Mn, Ni, and Si on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-carbon pearlite steels were investigated. The results indicated that the addition of solely Ni to high-carbon pearlitic steel can enhance the strength through the refinement of interlamellar spacing, but work-hardening in the ferrite of the pearlite colony may be delayed, leading to a reduction in area. The multiple additions of Ni and the increase in Mn and Si contents in high-carbon pearlitic steel were beneficial to obtaining a balance between ultimate tensile strength and reduction in area. Three-dimensional atom probe tomography results showed Si partitioning into ferrite and Mn and Ni elements partitioning into cementite. The addition of Si inhibited the formation of a continuous network of grain-boundary cementite, leading to high strength and high ductility through optimization of the microstructure