914 research outputs found
Multifractal analysis of Birkhoff averages for countable Markov maps
In this paper we prove a multifractal formalism of Birkhoff averages for
interval maps with countably many branches. Furthermore, we prove that under
certain regularity assumptions on the potential the Birkhoff spectrum is real
analytic. Applications of these results to number theory are also given.
Finally, we compute the Hausdorff dimension of the set of points for which the
Birkhoff average is infinite.Comment: 27 pages. Substantial changes have been made to Theorem 1.2 and
sections 4,5 and 6. Some minor corrections have been made elsewher
Multifractal structure of Bernoulli convolutions
Let be the distribution of the random series
, where is a sequence of i.i.d. random
variables taking the values 0,1 with probabilities . These measures are
the well-known (biased) Bernoulli convolutions.
In this paper we study the multifractal spectrum of for
typical . Namely, we investigate the size of the sets
Our main results highlight the fact that for almost all, and in some cases
all, in an appropriate range, is
nonempty and, moreover, has positive Hausdorff dimension, for many values of
. This happens even in parameter regions for which is
typically absolutely continuous.Comment: 24 pages, 2 figure
Sustainable urban development in practice:the SAVE concept
The need for sustainable development of the urban environment presents the research community with a number of challenges and opportunities. A considerable volume of research has been undertaken into the constituent parts of this complex problem and a number of tool kits and methodologies have been developed to enable and encourage the application of specific aspects of research in practice. However, there is limited evidence of the holistic integration of the body of knowledge arising from the research within real-life decision-making practices. In this paper we present an overview of the existing body of knowledge relating to sustainable development of the urban environment and propose a generic framework for its integration within current practices. This framework recognises the need to: understand social, economic, and environmental issues; understand the decision-making processes; provide a means of measurement, assessment, or valuation of the issues; provide analytical methods for the comparative assessment of complex data to enable an evaluation of strategies and design options and to communicate effectively throughout the process with a wide range of stakeholders. The components of a novel sustainability assessment, visualisation and enhancement (SAVE) framework, developed by the authors to ‘operationalise’ the body of knowledge are presented and justified. These include: decision-mapping methods to identify points of intervention; indicator identification and measurement approaches; appropriate mathematical and analytical tools and an interactive simulation and visualisation platform which integrates and communicates complex multivariate information to diverse stakeholder groups. We report on the application of the SAVE framework to a major urban development project and reflect on its current and potential impact on the development. Conclusions are also drawn about its general applicability
Bayesian Regression Markets
Machine learning tasks are vulnerable to the quality of data used as input.
Yet, it is often challenging for firms to obtain adequate datasets, with them
being naturally distributed amongst owners, that in practice, may be
competitors in a downstream market and reluctant to share information. Focusing
on supervised learning for regression tasks, we develop a \textit{regression
market} to provide a monetary incentive for data sharing. Our proposed
mechanism adopts a Bayesian framework, allowing us to consider a more general
class of regression tasks. We present a thorough exploration of the market
properties, and show that similar proposals in current literature expose the
market agents to sizeable financial risks, which can be mitigated in our
probabilistic setting.Comment: 46 pages, 11 figures, 2 table
Incentivizing Data Sharing for Energy Forecasting: Analytics Markets with Correlated Data
Reliably forecasting uncertain power production is beneficial for the social
welfare of electricity markets by reducing the need for balancing resources.
Describing such forecasting as an analytics task, the current literature
proposes analytics markets as an incentive for data sharing to improve
accuracy, for instance by leveraging spatio-temporal correlations. The
challenge is that, when used as input features for forecasting, correlated data
complicates the market design with respect to the revenue allocation, as the
value of overlapping information is inherently combinatorial. We develop a
correlation-aware analytics market for a wind power forecasting application. To
allocate revenue, we adopt a Shapley value-based attribution policy, framing
the features of agents as players and their interactions as a characteristic
function game. We illustrate that there are multiple options to describe such a
game, each having causal nuances that influence market behavior when features
are correlated. We argue that no option is correct in a general sense, but that
the decision hinges on whether the market should address correlations from a
data-centric or model-centric perspective, a choice that can yield
counter-intuitive allocations if not considered carefully by the market
designer.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, 1 tabl
Pregeometric Concepts on Graphs and Cellular Networks as Possible Models of Space-Time at the Planck-Scale
Starting from the working hypothesis that both physics and the corresponding
mathematics have to be described by means of discrete concepts on the
Planck-scale, one of the many problems one has to face is to find the discrete
protoforms of the building blocks of continuum physics and mathematics. In the
following we embark on developing such concepts for irregular structures like
(large) graphs or networks which are intended to emulate (some of) the generic
properties of the presumed combinatorial substratum from which continuum
physics is assumed to emerge as a coarse grained and secondary model theory. We
briefly indicate how various concepts of discrete (functional) analysis and
geometry can be naturally constructed within this framework, leaving a larger
portion of the paper to the systematic developement of dimensional concepts and
their properties, which may have a possible bearing on various branches of
modern physics beyond quantum gravity.Comment: 16 pages, Invited paper to appear in the special issue of the Journal
of Chaos, Solitons and Fractals on: "Superstrings, M, F, S ... Theory" (M.S.
El Naschie, C. Castro, Editors
HIV vulnerability of men and women who inject drugs in Kumasi, Ghana
This study was implemented by Boston University in collaboration with the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology with support from the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Agency for International Development under Project SEARCH Task Order No. GHH‐I‐00‐07‐00023‐00, beginning August 27, 2010. The content and views expressed here are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of USAID or the U.S. Government.Reducing vulnerability to HIV infection among key populations in Ghana is a major goal for the National AIDS Control Program (NACP) and the GAC. While a number of studies have explored HIV risk behaviours among several key vulnerable populations in Ghana including female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and prisoners, little is known about the drug use and sexual vulnerability of people who inject drugs (PWID). In addition, no programs have been implemented to reduce the vulnerability among this population. This report provides the findings from a qualitative study that aimed to understand the social, economic and behavioral vulnerability to HIV of PWID in Kumasi and to inform the development and implementation of HIV prevention programs for this population. The research was conducted by a collaborative team comprised of researchers from Boston University’s Center for Global and Health and Development (CGHD) and the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) School of Medical Sciences. It is one of nine studies under the Operations Research on Key Populations project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The study was designed and carried out in collaboration with the Ghana AIDS Commission (GAC).Support from the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Agency for International Development under Project SEARCH Task Order No. GHH‐I‐00‐07‐00023‐00, beginning August 27, 201
Understanding the relationship dynamics between female sex workers and their intimate partners in Kumasi, Ghana
This study was implemented by Boston University in collaboration with the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology with support from the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Agency for International Development under Project SEARCH Task Order No. GHH‐I‐00‐07‐00023‐00, beginning August 27, 2010. The content and views expressed here are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of USAID or the U.S. Government.This report presents findings from a qualitative study examining vulnerability to HIV and the prevention needs of men involved in intimate relationships with female sex workers (FSW) in Kumasi, Ghana. The study was conducted by a collaborative team of researchers from Boston University’s Center for Global and Health and Development (CGHD), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), and FHI 360. It is the last of nine small qualitative studies conducted under the Operations Research among Key Populations in Ghana project designed to gather in-depth, personal information from members of key populations about their vulnerability to HIV and other threats to their health and well-being. This project was funded by the United States Agency for International Development Ghana in collaboration with the Ghana AIDS Commission (GAC). The findings will be used to strengthen harm reduction interventions for sex workers and their intimate partners. Intimate partners of FSW are a population of growing interest in Ghana, where interventions focused on sex workers and both their paying and non-paying partners are being implemented by FHI 360 and other local organizations with support from the GAC and USAID. In 2012 Boston University and KNUST conducted a qualitative study looking at the backgrounds, living conditions, vulnerabilities, and HIV prevention needs of young female sex workers in Kumasi. Most (22/24) of the young women participating in in-depth interviews reported having a boyfriend or intimate partner, and half reported either never or only sometimes using condoms with these partners (1). In addition, quantitative data from two previous integrated bio-behavioral surveillance studies (IBBSS) conducted in 2009 and 2011 provide critical data showing the degree to which these men and their female partners (both those involved in sex work and others) are highly vulnerable to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. The specific objectives were to: explore the emotional, financial and other power dynamics within these relationships; describe the sexual behaviors and HIV knowledge and vulnerabilities of both partners; and document the perceived availability and accessibility of social support and health services.Support from the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Agency for International Development under Project SEARCH Task Order No. GHH‐I‐00‐07‐00023‐00, beginning August 27, 201
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