A Study of the Impact of the Phividec Industrial Estate

This article is a product of a nine-month training and application program implemented by the micro component of the Economic and Social Impact Analysis/Women in Development (ESIA/WID) and the Food Systems Program of the East-West Center Resource Systems Institute (RSI). Since the industrial estate has yet to be completed, this article presents an impact evaluation of the project based on its accomplishment on the basis of its expected full benefits. This is in the hope of providing a foundation for policy strengthening and alteration.industry sector, infrastructure, survey method, impact analysis

Metabolitos secundarios de Berberís empetrifolia

Berberís empetrifolia Lam. ha sido parcialmente estudiada en cuanto a su contenido de alcaloides cuaternarios. Al reestudiar la corteza y madera de tallos subterráneos de esta planta fue posible aislar un alcaloide dimérico, la paquistanina, y el lignano siringarresinol. Este lignano parece ser un componente común a varias especies chilenas de Berberís; la paquistanina, por el contrario, es una base del tipo aporfinabencilisoquinolina que hasta ahora sólo habia sido encontrada en especies asiáticas del género

Tripodal P₃^XFe–N₂ Complexes (X = B, Al, Ga): Effect of the Apical Atom on Bonding, Electronic Structure, and Catalytic N₂-to-NH₃ Conversion

Terminal dinitrogen complexes of iron ligated by tripodal, tetradentate P₃^X ligands (X = B, C, Si) have previously been shown to mediate catalytic N₂-to-NH₃ conversion (N₂RR) with external proton and electron sources. From this set of compounds, the tris(phosphino)borane (P₃^B) system is most active under all conditions canvassed thus far. To further probe the effects of the apical Lewis acidic atom on structure, bonding, and N₂RR activity, Fe–N₂ complexes supported by analogous group 13 tris(phosphino)alane (P₃^(Al)) and tris(phosphino)gallane (P₃^(Ga)) ligands are synthesized. The series of P₃^XFe–N₂^([0/1−]) compounds (X = B, Al, Ga) possess similar electronic structures, degrees of N₂ activation, and geometric flexibility as determined from spectroscopic, structural, electrochemical, and computational (DFT) studies. However, treatment of [Na(12-crown-4)₂][P₃^XFe–N₂] (X = Al, Ga) with excess acid/reductant in the form of HBAr^F₄/KC₈ generates only 2.5 ± 0.1 and 2.7 ± 0.2 equiv of NH₃ per Fe, respectively. Similarly, the use of [H₂NPh₂][OTf]/Cp^*₂Co leads to the production of 4.1 ± 0.9 (X = Al) and 3.6 ± 0.3 (X = Ga) equiv of NH₃. Preliminary reactivity studies confirming P₃^XFe framework stability under pseudocatalytic conditions suggest that a greater selectivity for hydrogen evolution versus N₂RR may be responsible for the attenuated yields of NH₃ observed for P₃^(Al)Fe and P₃^(Ga)Fe relative to P₃^BFe

Genomic analysis of 48 paenibacillus larvae bacteriophages

Indexación: Scopus.Funding: Research at UNLV was funded by National Institute of General Medical Sciences grant GM103440 (NV INBRE), the UNLV School of Life Sciences, and the UNLV College of Sciences. E.C.-N. was funded by CONICYT-FONDECYT de iniciación en la investigación 11160905. Research at BYU was funded by the BYU Microbiology & Molecular Biology Department, and private donations through LDS Philanthropies.The antibiotic-resistant bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of American foulbrood (AFB), currently the most destructive bacterial disease in honeybees. Phages that infect P. larvae were isolated as early as the 1950s, but it is only in recent years that P. larvae phage genomes have been sequenced and annotated. In this study we analyze the genomes of all 48 currently sequenced P. larvae phage genomes and classify them into four clusters and a singleton. The majority of P. larvae phage genomes are in the 38–45 kbp range and use the cohesive ends (cos) DNA-packaging strategy, while a minority have genomes in the 50–55 kbp range that use the direct terminal repeat (DTR) DNA-packaging strategy. The DTR phages form a distinct cluster, while the cos phages form three clusters and a singleton. Putative functions were identified for about half of all phage proteins. Structural and assembly proteins are located at the front of the genome and tend to be conserved within clusters, whereas regulatory and replication proteins are located in the middle and rear of the genome and are not conserved, even within clusters. All P. larvae phage genomes contain a conserved N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase that serves as an endolysin. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/7/37