Kesan penambahan surfaktan tak-ionik kepada kompleks Al(III)-morin dalam penentuan aluminium (III) akues secara spektrofotometri

Dalam kajian ini, kesan surfaktan tak-ionik terhadap kompleks Al(III)-morin telah dijalankan. Surfaktan tak-ionik didapati telah meningkatkan bacaan serapan kompleks Al(III)-morin. Penambahan triton X-100 kepada kompleks Al(III)-morin telah membolehkan penentuan ion Al(III) dalam kuantiti submikrogram pada pH4.00 dijalankan. Bacaan serapan maksimum adalah pada 425 nm dengan serapan molar, ε, 9.31 × 103 l.mol-1.cm-1. Graf kalibrasi bagi penentuan ion Al(III) adalah linear daripada 0.03 hingga 2.0 μg mL-1 dengan had pengesanan 0.015 μg mL-1 telah diperoleh dalam kajian ini. Sisihan ralat relatif (r.s.d) ialah 2.2% bagi kepekatan Al(III) 1.0 μg mL-1. Kesan penambahan ion lain terhadap kompleks Al(III)-morin turut dijalankan dan didapati ion Cu(II), Zn(II) dan Pb(II) memberi gangguan yang lebih berbanding ion-ion lain

Hybrid polymer inclusion membrane as anion exchange membrane for recovering Pd2+ ions in electrogenerative process

A novel non-plasticized nano-porous hybrid inorganic-organic polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) was synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as an anion exchange membrane for application in electrogenerative processes to recover Pd2+ ions. Ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-me­thyl­imidazolium chloride (EMIM-Cl) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM-Cl) were used as the carrier molecules in the polymeric network of PIM to enhance anion exchange process. This hybrid anion exchange membrane also consists of a polymeric matrix of non-plasticized cellulose triacetate modified by incorporating an inorganic material (silane) prepared by the sol-gel route. Different parameters affecting the ion transport performance efficiency, i.e., the composition of the membrane, type of ionic liquid (carrier molecule) and ion–exchange capacity, were investigated and optimized. In the electrogenerative process, the results revealed that the prepared PIM yields better recovery results for recovering Pd2+ ions from its chloride solution compared to the commercial anion exchange membrane Neosepta® AM-01, with a full recovery of 100 mg/L Pd2+ ions in 30 min. This preliminary study shows that the prepared low-cost hybrid anion exchange membrane PIM can act as an inexpensive material suitable for the rapid and efficient recovery of Pd2+ ions from an aqueous solution

Peningkatan kesensitifan sensor Al(III) optik dengan menggunakan manik terkandung polime

Sensor Al(III) optik berasaskan prinsip pengukuran pantulan dengan menggunakan manik polimer terkandung polimer (PIMs) terpegun telah dibangunkan. Manik PIMs terpegun yang disediakan dalam kajian ini mengandungi manik poli(vinil klorida) (PVC), Aliquat 336, diositil pthalat (DOP) dan reagen eriokrom sianin R (ESR). Sensor yang menggunakan manik PIMs terpegun ini menunjukkan rangsangan yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan sensor yang tidak menggunakan manik PIMs. Masa rangsangan sensor pula ditetapkan selepas 3 min dengan nilai pH optimum 6.0. Sensor Al(III) optik ini memberikan rangsangan linear pada julat 5.56×10-5 - 3.52×10-4 molL-1, dengan nilai had pengesanan terendah (LOD) yang dikira ialah 3.41×10-5 molL-1. Kajian validasi nilai ion Al(III) bagi beberapa sampel air semula jadi yang ditambah dengan ion Al(III) menggunakan sensor Al(III) optik yang dibangunkan dalam kajian ini, menunjukkan tiada perbezaan secara signifikan pada nilai ion Al(III) yang diperoleh apabila dibandingkan dengan keputusan yang diperoleh menggunakan spektrofotometer serapan atom konvensional

The effect of RAFT polymerization on the physical properties of thiamphenicol-imprinted polymer

The necessity to overcome limitation of conventional free radical polymerization, technology has shifted the way to find an effective method for polymer synthesis, called controlled radical polymerization (CRP). One of the most studied controlled radical system is reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The method relies on efficient chain-transfer processes which are mediated typically by thiocarbonyl-containing RAFT agents e.g., dithioesters. The presented study revealed the potential benefit in applying RAFT polymerization towards the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer for thiamphenicol. They were synthesized in monolithic form using methacrylic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, azobisisobutyronitrile and acetonitrile as a functional monomer, cross-linker, initiator and porogen, respectively. The surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), structural characterization by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and pore structures of polymers produced were characterized by nitrogen sorption porosimetry. SEM analysis showed MIPs produced by RAFT have smoother surface while porosity analysis showed the specific surface area was slightly larger compared to conventional polymerization methods. However FTIR showed the same pattern of spectra produced due to the same co-monomers used in the production. The results upon the uses of RAFT polymerization enables the production of imprinted polymers enhanced the physical properties compared to conventional polymerization

Pembinaan penderia pH gentian optik pintar berasaskan reagen terpegun dan rangkaian neural tiruan (ANN) / Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah … [et al.]

Penderia pH gentian optik berasaskan reagen terpegun dan pengoptimuman rangsangannya menggunakan rangkaian neural tiruan (artificial neural network, ANN) telah dibangunkan dalam kajian ini. Penunjuk pH iaitu bromotimol biru (BTB) telah dipilih sebagai reagen. Reagen ini telah dipegunkan di atas kopolimer Amberlite XAD 7 dengan kaedahjerapan. Teknik spektroskopi pantulan digunakan untuk pencirian reagen yang terpegun di atas Amberlite XAD 7. Penggunaan ANN dalam pengoptimuman rangsangan penderia pH gentian optik berasaskan reagen yang dipegunkan di atas Amberlite XAD 7 ini telah berjaya melebarkanjulat rangsangan linear penderia darijulat yang terhad (pH 6.00-8.00 bagi BTB) kepada julat yang lebih baik iaitu pH 2.00-11.50. Pengoptimuman rangsangan penunjuk pH ini tidak dapat dilakukan untuk keseluruhan julatpH 1.00-14.00 kerana masalah pelunturan kimia terhadap reagen yang dipegunkan. Ralat purata bagi penentuan pH bagi larutan yang tidak diketahui adalah 0.03 unit pH untuk BTB terpegun pada Amberlite XAD 7

Hydrogen Peroxide Treated Desiccated Coconut Waste as a Biosorbent in Malachite Green Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Malachite green (MG), commonly employed in the textile and dyeing sectors, is a prevalent and enduring contaminant found in wastewater and the environment. Its presence poses harmful effects to humans and aquatic organisms. This work utilised hydrogen peroxide-treated desiccated coconut waste (HPDCW) to remove MG from an aqueous solution. The HPDCW underwent characterisation utilising FTIR, SEM-EDX, pHslurry, and pHpzc. Based on the results obtained, it was found that HPDCW recorded a biosorption capacity of 211.88 mg/g, attained at a temperature of 302 K, a pH of 9, a contact period of 5 min, and a dosage of 0.02 g. MG biosorption rates accurately followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while the equilibrium data presented a step-shaped isotherm model. The relatively small percentages of MG desorption observed when using distilled water and HCl (0.01 and 0.02 M) indicate that electrostatic interaction is one of the mechanisms responsible for the interaction between MG and HPDCW. There is also a possibility of the involvement of hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions

Enantiomeric separation of azole antifungal compounds using chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques: a mini review

The separation of azole antifungal chiral compounds has gaining much interests since 1980’s as they possess different biological, pharmaceutical, and pharmacokinetic behaviors at various toxicity levels. Numerous studies have looked into this subject matter, and therefore, this review presents an overview on different chiral separation techniques that have been developed such as liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). This comprehensive review also discusses the mechanisms of the developed analytical methods such as preparation techniques and optimization parameters towards the enantioseparation performances as well as their advantages and drawbacks. Lastly, the conclusion and future directions of the chiral separation, particularly for azole compounds are provided accordingly

Solar Light-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic Using Biochar Supported Nano Bismuth Ferrite Composite

Research on advanced materials for environmental remediation and pollutant degradation is rapidly progressing because of their numerous applications. Biochar is an excellent material support for the catalytic activity of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3), which is one of the best perovskite-based photocatalysts in this work for diverse pollutant degradation when exposed to direct sunlight. Biochar was produced by pyrolyzing oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs) and then integrate with BiFeO3 in the presence of cross-linked chitosan to create a BFO/biochar coupled magnetic photocatalyst (CBB). This research was conducted to examine the performance of the photocatalytic activity of CBB towards the degradation of ciprofloxacin antibiotics. To determine the optimal condition, two operational parameters that are photocatalyst dosage and initial pollutant concentrations, were evaluated. The results of the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analyses confirmed the high purity of the rhombohedral BiFeO3 with a high surface area, as well as the successful coupling of BiFeO3 and biochar at a ratio of 1:1. The most effective conditions for the various variables are 1.5 g/L CBB dosage at 10 ppm with 77.08% photodegradation under direct sunlight for 2 h. Further, a pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction was followed and observed with decreasing k values as the initial concentration increased. This shows that the system performs best at low concentrations. This finding confirms that the catalytic parameters improved the efficiency of photocatalysts with biochar assistance in removing antibiotic pollutants

Solar Light-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic Using Biochar Supported Nano Bismuth Ferrite Composite

Research on advanced materials for environmental remediation and pollutant degradation is rapidly progressing because of their numerous applications. Biochar is an excellent material support for the catalytic activity of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3), which is one of the best perovskite-based photocatalysts in this work for diverse pollutant degradation when exposed to direct sunlight. Biochar was produced by pyrolyzing oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs) and then integrate with BiFeO3 in the presence of cross-linked chitosan to create a BFO/biochar coupled magnetic photocatalyst (CBB). This research was conducted to examine the performance of the photocatalytic activity of CBB towards the degradation of ciprofloxacin antibiotics. To determine the optimal condition, two operational parameters that are photocatalyst dosage and initial pollutant concentrations, were evaluated. The results of the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analyses confirmed the high purity of the rhombohedral BiFeO3 with a high surface area, as well as the successful coupling of BiFeO3 and biochar at a ratio of 1:1. The most effective conditions for the various variables are 1.5 g/L CBB dosage at 10 ppm with 77.08% photodegradation under direct sunlight for 2 h. Further, a pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction was followed and observed with decreasing k values as the initial concentration increased. This shows that the system performs best at low concentrations. This finding confirms that the catalytic parameters improved the efficiency of photocatalysts with biochar assistance in removing antibiotic pollutants