Task procedure.

<p>Each trial started with a fixation cross (750 ms) followed by the presentation of a screen including a circle and a square (one shape coloured yellow and the other purple) representing either a risky or safe choice. Participants made a selection between a risky and safe choice using a keypress. Next, another fixation screen was displayed and followed by a screen providing a feedback (1000 ms) detailing whether participants had won or lost points in the trial (see “Experimental task” for more details).</p

P3 data.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066350#pone-0066350-g005" target="_blank"><b>Figure 5a</b></a>. Averaged ERP waveforms for the Feedback-related P3 plotting ERPs to Wins and Losses separately for the four experimental conditions. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066350#pone-0066350-g005" target="_blank"><b>Figure 5b</b></a><b>.</b> Topographical maps plotting difference scores between peak-to-peak amplitudes of Win minus Loss ERPs between 250 and 350 ms (maxima: +1.0 µV, minima:−3.5 µV). <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066350#pone-0066350-g005" target="_blank"><b>Figure 5c</b></a><b>.</b> Scalp location of cluster of electrodes used to quantify the FRN.</p

FRN data.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066350#pone-0066350-g003" target="_blank"><b>Figure 3a</b></a><b>.</b> Averaged ERP waveforms for the Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) plotting ERPs to Wins and Losses separately for the four experimental conditions. A 1–12 Hz bandwith was applied for presentational purposes. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066350#pone-0066350-g003" target="_blank"><b>Figure 3b</b></a><b>.</b> Valence-specific comparisons of peak-to-peak amplitudes (in µV) between positive and negative expectancy contexts, separately for ERPs to Wins and Losses. Error bars represent one standard error from the mean. * <i>p</i>-value<.05. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066350#pone-0066350-g003" target="_blank"><b>Figure 3c</b></a><b>.</b> Topographical maps plotting difference scores between Loss minus Win ERPs (peak to peak amplitudes) between 250 and 350 ms (maxima: +1.0 µV, minima: −3.5 µV). <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066350#pone-0066350-g003" target="_blank"><b>Figure 3d</b></a><b>.</b> Scalp location of cluster of electrodes used to quantify the FRN.</p

Neutral condition ERPs.

<p>Averaged ERP waveforms for the Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) plotting ERPs to Wins and Losses in the neutral blocks.</p

Factor loadings for principal components analysis of VMA Task outcomes and Continuous Performance Task (CPT) outcomes (PCA1).

<p>Factor loadings for principal components analysis of VMA Task outcomes and Continuous Performance Task (CPT) outcomes (PCA1).</p

Bar graphs illustrating the significant interaction between age-group and VMA task stage for tracking outcomes in Experiment 2.

<p> Panel A: mean tracking error and Panel B: residual intra-individual variability. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.</p

Summary of performance on tracking and cue-detection outcomes for Experiment 2.

<p>Summary of performance on tracking and cue-detection outcomes for Experiment 2.</p

Post-hoc Tukey’s test pairwise comparisons of differences in performance between cue-detection conditions for tracking and cue detection outcomes in Experiment 1.

<p>Post-hoc Tukey’s test pairwise comparisons of differences in performance between cue-detection conditions for tracking and cue detection outcomes in Experiment 1.</p

Bar graph depicting the significant interaction between condition and false reaction (FR) category for mean reaction time in Experiment 1.

<p>Error bars are 95% confidence intervals.</p

Bar graphs illustrating the significant interaction between group and VMA task stage for tracking outcomes in Experiment 2.

<p> Panel A: tracking error; Panel B: intra-individual variability; Panel C: residual intra-individual variability. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.</p