A 4-Component Dirac Theory of Ionization of Hydrogen Molecular Ion in a Super-Intense Laser Field

In this paper a 4-component Dirac theory of ionization of hydrogen molecular ion in a super-intense laser field is developed. Simple analytic expressions for the spin specific as well as the total ionization currents emitted from the ground state of the ion are derived. The results are given for all polarization and finite propagation vectors of the field. They apply for inner-shell ionization of analogous heavier molecular ions as well. The presence of molecular two-slit interference effect, first found in the non-relativistic case, and the spin-flip ionization current, and an asymmetry of the up- and down-spin currents similar to that predicted in the atomic case, are found also to hold for the present relativistic molecular ionic case. Finally, the possibility of controlling the dominant spin currents by selecting the handedness of a circularly polarized incident laser field is pointed out.Comment: 7 pages, no figure

Interplay of polarization geometry and rotational dynamics in high harmonic generation from coherently rotating linear molecule

Recent reports on intense-field pump-probe experiments for high harmonic generation from coherently rotating linear molecules, have revealed remarkable characteristic effects of the simultaneous variation of the polarization geometry and the time delay on the high harmonic signals. We analyze the effects and give a unified theoretical account of the experimental observationsComment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Quantum statistics and dynamics of nonlinear couplers with nonlinear exchange

In this paper we derive the quantum statistical and dynamical properties of nonlinear optical couplers composed of two nonlinear waveguides operating by the second subharmonic generation, which are coupled linearly through evanescent waves and nonlinearly through nondegenerate optical parametric interaction. Main attention is paid to generation and transmission of nonclassical light, based on a discussion of squeezing phenomenon, normalized second-order correlation function, and quasiprobability distribution functions. Initially coherent, number and thermal states of optical beams are considered. In particular, results are discussed in dependence on the strength of the nonlinear coupling relatively to the linear coupling. We show that if the Fock state $|1>$ enters the first waveguide and the vacuum state $|0>$ enters the second waveguide, the coupler can serve as a generator of squeezed vacuum state governed by the coupler parameters. Further, if thermal fields enter initially the waveguides the coupler plays similar role as a microwave Josephson-junction parametric amplifier to generate squeezed thermal light.Comment: 32 pages, 10 figure

Evolution of Fock states in three mixed harmonic oscillators: quantum statistics

In this communication we investigate the quantum statistics of three harmonic oscillators mutually interacting with each other considering the modes are initially in Fock states. After solving the equations of motion, the squeezing phenomenon, sub-Poissonian statistics and quasiprobability functions are discussed. We demonstrate that the interaction is able to produce squeezing of different types. We show also that certain types of Fock states can evolve in this interaction into thermal state and squeezed thermal state governed by the interaction parameters.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figure

Contributing Factors to Under-Five Child Malnutrition in Rural Bangladesh

Background and objectives: Bangladesh has the highest malnutrition rates in the world. The main objective of this study is to identify and determine the main factors for child malnutrition among children under the age 5 years in rural Bangladesh. Material and methods: This research was conducted in rural areas at Meherpur district in Bangladesh. Convenience sampling method is used and 85 under 5 child information is collected through a structured questionnaire. The information’s of child’s are gathered from the mothers of the child. Malnourished children is measured by using APLS method and WHO Child Growth Standard Median Index. Binary logistic regression model is used to find out the key factors of malnutrition. Results: It is found that family income, maintain proper diet during pregnancy period, proper diet maintain for children have negative significant (p\u3c0.05) effect on child malnutrition. Conclusion: The magnitude of the child’s malnutrition still is of great concern in Bangladesh. Since, poverty, imbalanced diet during pregnancy period and imbalanced diet for under 5 children influences to malnutrition are significantly associated with high prevalence of malnutrition, so government and people should reduce these factor to reduce malnutrition in rural area of Bangladesh