Ion sources for high-power hadron accelerators

Ion sources are a critical component of all particle accelerators. They create the initial beam that is accelerated by the rest of the machine. This paper will introduce the many methods of creating a beam for high-power hadron accelerators. A brief introduction to some of the relevant concepts of plasma physics and beam formation is given. The different types of ion source used in accelerators today are examined. Positive ion sources for producing H+ ions and multiply charged heavy ions are covered. The physical principles involved with negative ion production are outlined and different types of negative ion sources are described. Cutting edge ion source technology and the techniques used to develop sources for the next generation of accelerators are discussed.Comment: Presented at the CERN Accelerator School CAS 2011: High Power Hadron Machines, Bilbao, 24 May - 2 June 201

Technological Aspects: High Voltage

This paper covers the theory and technological aspects of high-voltage design for ion sources. Electric field strengths are critical to understanding high-voltage breakdown. The equations governing electric fields and the techniques to solve them are discussed. The fundamental physics of high-voltage breakdown and electrical discharges are outlined. Different types of electrical discharges are catalogued and their behaviour in environments ranging from air to vacuum are detailed. The importance of surfaces is discussed. The principles of designing electrodes and insulators are introduced. The use of high-voltage platforms and their relation to system design are discussed. The use of commercially available high-voltage technology such as connectors, feedthroughs and cables are considered. Different power supply technologies and their procurement are briefly outlined. High-voltage safety, electric shocks and system design rules are covered.Comment: 39 pages, contribution to the CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Ion Sources, Senec, Slovakia, 29 May - 8 June 2012, edited by R. Bailey, CERN-2013-00

'What Science Says is Best': Parenting Practices, Scientific Authority and Maternal Identity

Based on research in London with mothers from a breastfeeding support organisation this paper explores the narratives of women who breastfeed \'to full term\' (typically for a period of several years) as part of a philosophy of 'attachment parenting', an approach to parenting which validates long term proximity between child and care-taker. In line with wider cultural trends, one of the most prominent \'accountability strategies\' used by this group of mothers to explain their long-term breastfeeding is recourse to scientific evidence, both about the nutritional benefits of breastfeeding and about the broader cognitive and developmental benefits of attachment parenting more broadly. Women\'s accounts internalize and reflect popular literature around attachment parenting, which is explored here in-depth as a means of contextualizing shifting patterns of \'scientisation\'. What follows is a reflection on how \'scientific evidence\' is given credence in narratives of mothering, and what the implications of this are for individuals in their experience of parenting, and for society more broadly. As a form of \'Authoritative Knowledge\' (Jordan 1997) women utilise 'science' when they talk about their decisions to breastfeed long-term, since it has the effect of placing these non-conventional practices beyond debate (they are simply what is \'healthiest\'). The article therefore makes a contribution to wider sociological debates around the ways in which society and behaviour are regulated, and the ways in which \'science\' is interpreted, internalized and mobilized by individuals in the course of their \'identity work\'.Parenting, Psychology, Neuroscience, Scientific Authority, Maternal Identity

Introduction: 'Changing Parenting Culture'

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S15RS SGB No. 3 (Amend Budget)

A BILL to amend the Student Government budget

S15RS SGB No. 4 (Amend Budget)

A BILL to amend the Student Government budget

Book review: parenting out of control

Charlotte Faircloth discusses Margeret Nelson’s book Parenting out of control and discusses how class affects parents’ use of technology. Charlotte is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Roehampton, London, UK. She is also a Visiting Scholar and founding member of the Centre for Parenting Culture Studies (CPCS) at the University of Kent

William Faulkner\u27s Memphis: Architectural Identity, Urban Edge Condition, and Prostitution in 1905 Memphis

It has been said by wags that Memphis (Tennessee) is the largest city in Mississippi. Unquestionably, Memphis is the commercial and cultural capital of the Mississippi River delta country north of Vicksburg. As such it figures prominently in the works of southern writers, especially William Faulkner. Faulkner\u27s characters seek out Memphis as a place of excitement and escape. This paper deals with Faulkner\u27s description of Memphis as it existed in the early decades of the twentieth century; the focus is on passages of The Rievers, but passages from other works are included as well. Because so many of the events he portrays deal with the exploits of young male characters, the red light district of Memphis (called the Tenderloin) receives particular attention. However, other portions of the city-the downtown area and the cotton offices that filled the buildings on Front Street facing the river are included as well. An interesting picture of the mid-south\u27s major Metropolis as it existed some one hundred years ago emerges