CARA KERJA, DETEKSI, PENANGANAN DAN ANALISIS DINAMIS TROJAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANOMALI

Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi yang pesat menjadikan kemanan sangat penting terutama perangkat yang terhubung dengan internet. Sayangnya kepesatan tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh pihak jahat atau biasa disebut Hacker. Hacker biasa menyerang pengguna yang bermaksud merusak jaringan maupun komputer. Malware analysis adalah metode untuk mengetahui keberadaan malware (malicious software) yang digunakan untuk merusak jaringan maupun perangkat komputer. Trojan adalah salah satu jenis malware yang bisa masuk ke komputer pengguna untuk mencuri informasi pribadi, password, tamper data, maupun menghancurkan file. Metode anomaly detection merupakan salah satu cara yang dilakukan dalam menganalisa trojan pada komputer agar dapat memahami trojan yang menyerang dan bisa mengatasinya sehingga meningkatkan kemanan komputer. Dynamic analysis merupakan teknik melakukan analisa malware dengan cara menjalankan sampel malware pada komputer kemudian diamati perilakunya yang bertujuan untuk memahami cara kerja malware. Dari hasil penelitian akan didapat kriteria trojan dan cara penangananya berdasarkan data yang didapat pada tahap scanning dan analisis data. Kata Kunci : Trojan, malware analysis, dynamic analysis

Decolourization of an azo dye in aqueous solution by ozonation in a semi-batch bubble column reactor

ABSTRACT: The oxidative degradation of the azo dye Reactive Red 120 by ozonation was investigated. The decolourization was carried out by bubbling ozone at the bottom of a bubble column reactor containing the dye solution. The colour, chemical oxygen demand, and total organic carbon removal were evaluated, and the contaminants were characterized based on the changes in UV-Vis and FT-IR spectra. It was observed that changes of UV-Vis spectra represent the disappearance of both azo and aromatic groups, which causes the colour removal. FT-IR analysis indicated that ozonation shifts the functional groups in the azo dye which results in decolourization, a decrease in aromaticity, and an increase in acidity. The results indicate that the chromophore is destroyed and partially mineralized to small fragments during ozonation. The alkaline pH was favourable to decomposition by ozonation, initiated by the formation of the hydroxyl radicals. The oxidation followed first-order kinetics and the completed decolourization confirmed the capability of ozonation to cleave the azo bond from the dye

Oxidation of p-Cresol by ozonation

Oxidation of p-Cresol was investigated by using ozonation process. The aim of this research is to assess the effectiveness of ozonation on oxidation of micropollutant such as p-Cresol. Ozonation performance was evaluated based on p-Cresol concentration reduction and chemical oxidation demand (COD) reduction. It was found ozonation at pH11 achieved the highest p-Cresol degradation, with 95.8% of p-Cresol reduced and 96.0% of COD reduced, for an initial 50 mgL-1 of p-Cresol. The degradation of p-Cresol could be expressed by second-order of kinetic model. The second-order rate constant k increases as the initial pH increased, but decreases with the increasing of initial p-Cresol concentrations. Besides, the absorption spectra of p-Cresol over ozonation time were analyzed by spectrophotometry. The evolution of absorption spectra of p-Cresol degradation suggests that the oxidation of p-Cresol follows three stages mechanisms with cycloaddition as the first step to produce aromatic intermediates followed by ring-opening reactions, degradation of the intermediates, and subsequently achieved mineralization

Kesan gabungan aktiviti guna tanah dan perubahan musim terhadap kualiti sumber air: kajian kes di Terusan Utara, Kedah

Suatu kajian untuk menilai kesan gabungan aktiviti guna tanah dan perubahan musim terhadap kualiti sumber air telah dijalankan di Terusan Utara, Kedah. Kajian ini dijalankan di lima stesen terpilih selama 12 bulan berdasarkan Indeks Kualiti Air (WQI) dan Piawaian Interim Kualiti Air Kebangsaan (INWQS). Kajian mendapati kualiti air di Terusan Utara berada pada Kelas III dan berlaku peningkatan kualiti air dari hulu ke hilir. Hampir semua stesen berpotensi sebagai punca pencemaran berdasarkan aktiviti guna tanah terutamanya di Pelubang, Jitra serta Tunjang. Kajian menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan ketika perubahan musim pada DO, TSS serta BOD, namun tidak pada ammonia, pH dan COD. Secara amnya, kombinasi aktiviti guna tanah dan perubahan musim boleh mempengaruhi atau memberi kesan terhadap kualiti sumber air. Oleh itu, tindakan segera perlu dilakukan untuk mengawal punca pencemaran bagi memastikan kualiti sumber air di Terusan Utara kekal terpelihara

Optimisation of Copper Oxide Impregnation on Carbonised Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Nitric Oxide Removal using Response Surface Methodology

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) was successfully modified with phosphoric acid hydration followed by impregnation with copper oxide (CuO) to synthesize CuO modified catalytic carbon (CuO/EFBC) for low-temperature removal of nitric oxide (NO) from gas streams. CuO impregnation was optimised through response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) in terms of metal loading (5-20%), sintering temperature (200-800˚C) and sintering time (2-6 hours). The model response for the variables was NO adsorption capacity, which was obtained from an up-flow column adsorption experiment with 100 mL/min flow of 500 ppm NO/He at different operating conditions. The optimum operating variables suggested by the model were 20% metal loading, 200˚C sintering temperature and 6 hours sintering time. A good agreement (R2 = 0.9625) was achieved between the experimental data and model prediction. ANOVA analysis indicated that the model terms (metal loading and sintering temperature) are significant (Prob.>F less than 0.05)

Optimisation of Copper Oxide Impregnation on Carbonised Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Nitric Oxide Removal using Response Surface Methodology

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) was successfully modified with phosphoric acid hydration followed by impregnation with copper oxide (CuO) to synthesize CuO modified catalytic carbon (CuO/EFBC) for low-temperature removal of nitric oxide (NO) from gas streams. CuO impregnation was optimised through response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) in terms of metal loading (5-20%), sintering temperature (200-800˚C) and sintering time (2-6 hours). The model response for the variables was NO adsorption capacity, which was obtained from an up-flow column adsorption experiment with 100 mL/min flow of 500 ppm NO/He at different operating conditions. The optimum operating variables suggested by the model were 20% metal loading, 200˚C sintering temperature and 6 hours sintering time. A good agreement (R2 = 0.9625) was achieved between the experimental data and model prediction. ANOVA analysis indicated that the model terms (metal loading and sintering temperature) are significant (Prob.>F less than 0.05)

Study of O

This research was carried out to study the efficiency of O3/S2O82- system in removal of Reactive Red 120 (RR120) dye sample. Different operating parameter such as pH, initial dye concentration and persulfate dosage were studied to evaluate the performance on removing colour and COD. The removal of colour and COD achieved higher efficiency at pH 7, 100 mg/L of initial dye concentration and persulfate dosage of 5 g S2O82-/1 g RR120. O3/S2O82- with the most effective conditions experienced effective decolourization and degradation of organic pollutants than O3 only. Furthermore, it achieved faster breakdown of azo bond and aromatic groups than O3 after treatment as observed with UV-Vis absorption spectra. The FT-IR analysis obtained new absorption peak that represents alkenes after 20 min of O3 treatment whereas mostly of the absorption bands of O3/S2O82- flattened

Ferroelectric sensor BaxSr1-xTiO3 integrated with android smartphone for controlling and monitoring smart street lighting

In this report, we demonstrated an application of a thin film Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) as a light sensor integrated with an Android smartphone as a model of smart street lighting. BST thin films were fabricated using chemical solution deposition methods followed by spin coating with a variety of mole fractions. We assumed that changes in the lattice parameters of its tetragonal crystal structure caused by variations in the mole fraction result in different ions displacement characteristics that induce charges polarization in the crystal structure. We have confirmed that the BST thin film with mole fraction x = 0.500 was the best thin film for the light sensor in this prototype. Furthermore, it has been found that the smart street lighting gives ∼69.23 % power saving and lower power usage than a conventional street lighting. Additionally, this developed system has successfully reported the lamp status that is to be maintained to an Android phone of the maintainer by using a short message system. This self-reporting makes it easy for maintainer to identify broken lamps and to do repairs. Moreover, implementation of such features to the street lighting can reduce the operating cost

Lignin recovery and it effects quality of anaerobic treated palm oil mill effluent (AT-POME)

Lignin is one of the main structural polymers present in plant tissue. It can also be found as an isolated product of the pulp and paper industry. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) has been known as high strength industrial wastewater that is difficult to treat due to its large variety of inorganic and organic contents. The main purpose of this study is to recover soluble lignin from anaerobically treated palm oil mill effluent (AT-POME) and indirectly improves the quality of AT-POME. AT-POME was adjusted to different pH using different type of acids. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was utilized to obtain the optimum operating parameters as well as to analyse the interaction between them. Model shows that 74.67 % of lignin can be recovered from AT-POME after 5 minutes reaction time using sulfuric acid (H2S04) at pH 5. Hence from the experiment, it was proved that simple pH adjustment could precipitate the soluble lignin from AT-POME