THE EFFECTS OF OIL PRICE SHOCKS ON MONETARY POLICY IN IRAN

Changes and increases in the price of oil are effective on the aggregate economic. So, it's important to study on oil price shocks, because they affect on economic growth& monetary policy. In this paper a structural and generalized VAR modeless has been considered for Iran in order to study the direct effects of oil price shocks on output and prices and reaction of monetary variables to external shocks over the period 1991:I–2008:I (1370:I_1386: IV). Empirical analysis shows that inflation rate increase and exchange rate decrease and gross domestic product has fluctuations.Oil price shocks, monetary policy

Effects of Joint Spacing on Static Bearing Capacity of Rock Foundations in the case of Punching Failure

In this paper, using distinct element method, static bearing capacity of rock foundations containing one, two or three joint sets is investigated in the case of punching failure. The effect of joint spacing is incorporated in the analyses using a dimensionless factor, named spacing ratio (SR). Different values for SR are selected and variation of bearing capacity versus SR is monitored. Then, the magnitude of SR in which the bearing capacity is not changed significantly, is determined. The findings show that for SR30, joint spacing does not affect bearing capacity, significantly. Hence, SR=30 can be used as a criterion for analysis of rock foundations either as an equivalent continuum or a discontinuous medium. Using this criterion, it will tend to greatly reduce the time required for bearing capacity analysis of rock foundations

Visualizing Subjective Mapping in the Field of E-book Publishing in the Context of Users and Librarians

The present paper reports the findings of a research which aimed to visualize subjective mapping of "e-books" in the context of users and libraries. The research is a kind of scientometrics studies via qualitative content analysis method. Node XL software was used to visualize the map. The research community included all papers in the subjective field of "e-books" in the context of users and libraries which were published in the journals indexed in the EBSCO database during 2005-2011. Results show that subjects of "e-books (general)", "e-book readers" and "electronic textbook" are the most important subjects which are allocated mental disturbances related to users through the papers. Moreover, in the field of "e-textbooks" the strongest subjective connections are related to "students and usages". Moreover, "students" and "children" are as the most important stratum. Furthermore, survey on the usage rate of e-books and analysis statistics of their usage are as the most significant discussions that are considered from library-related approach. Additionally, the current situation of e-books in public and academic libraries is accentuated by researchers as another predominant subject. Visualizing subjective mapping including the mentioned contexts is not revealed by previous studies. Hence, it is included a novel contribution

New Media and Ideology: a Critical Perspective

Media is considered as one of the ideological apparatuses. This research is based on the question in parallel of enhancing technology and the formation of new media, as well as change passive audience into the active user, can these media still be called ideological? If so, the question is that how does the new media, despite the adaptation of interaction from the internet, find the ideological function? This paper discusses the role of the concept of the ideology for understanding social media critically. This study based on Althusser's definition of ideology and Habermas's theory about the public sphere creates consultative democracy led it to evaluate new media, their behavior and practices. The paper was developed based on a qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical method. As a result, new media owners are looking to create a two-tier Internet in which commercial content is more important than public content. Commercial content is managed by the ruling power and is governed by an ideology, which is the ideology of the ruling class. On the contrary, public content is controlled by media owners and contains a variety of ideologies that carry different ideas and meanings. The contemporary media system, through its ownership has divided media audiences into smaller groups (specific audiences), and has severely restricted fair access and participation in the public sphere, so that the ideological aspect of new media remains unchanged, but it emerges in the new shapes

Analysis of Circular Reinforced Tunnels by Analytical Approach

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of quantifying the mechanical contribution of rockbolts installed systematically around tunnels (regularly spaced around the tunnel) excavated in rock masses. Assuming that the mechanical contribution of grouted rockbolts is that of increasing internal pressure within a broken rock mass, a new procedure for computation of ground response curves for a circular tunnel excavated in strain softening material and then reinforced with systematically active grouted rockbolts is presented. In this work, the equation of the ground response curve for a tunnel which has been reinforced with passive grouted rockbolts is also derived. The proposed model allows one to take into account the effect of the distance of the bolted section to the tunnel face, the effect of increasing rockbolts spacing, the influence of increasing pretension load in calculating of the ground response curve, and the effect of increasing the cross-section area of rockbolts. The results show that decreasing rockbolts spacing increases the support system stiffness rather than preloading of them

The Role of Roger Scruton in the Development of Analytic Aesthetics

The main purpose of this research is to explore the thoughts of British philosopher Roger Scruton in the scope of aesthetics. Scruton was particularly influenced by Kant's project of critique of rational faculties, and Wittgenstein's insights into the realm of language and meaning. For this purpose, the steps he has taken in the development of analytic aesthetics (in two parts of judgment of beauty and beauty areas) have been extracted. This study was conducted using first-order library resources using conceptual analysis method. According to Scruton, aesthetics is the core of philosophy and is more important today than other branches of philosophy, even if it is dependent on other branches because of this central discipline. The most important results of this study are the reconstruction and application of two concepts of Disinterested interest and Means-End dualism, The elementary platitudes in aesthetics (pleasure, rank, attention, reason / judgment, description of object and first-hand judgments of beauty), the relationship between sacred, beauty and desires in human beauty, distinction of understanding and explanation in natural beauty, practical reason in everyday beauty and differentiation of fantasy-imagination and pattern of belonging or fitting in artistic beauty

Presentation of a Personal Brand Pattern for Authors of Academic Books in Publishing Industry in Iran (Study Case: Knowledge and Information Science)

Purpose: The aim of this research was to identify, determine, evaluate and prioritize the factors influencing the personal brand pattern of authors of academic books in Iranian publishing industry in the field of library and information science. Materials and Methods: The methodology of this applied research was the analytical survey. The population of the research includes 122 out of 139 master degree students in the field of library and information science, entrancing in the public universities in Tehran in 2018. The data were collected through library studies and a questionnaire. In fact, previous studies and the documentary research method were used to review the fundamental factors influencing the personal branding of authors of academic books in Iranian publishing industry in the field of library and information science in order to design the questionnaire based on the research model. Research reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha value that was 0.935 for investigation of factors influencing the personal brand and 0.921 for the personal competence. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical methods by the SPSS and the Smart PLS softwares. Conclusion: The results showed that factors influencing the personal brand include the following components: cultural component (0.898), specialty (0.875) and social factor (0.620) respectively. The results of the current research indicate that the appropriate fitting of cultural, social and professional components is based on the individual competency components of authors

Feasibility Study of Creating Maker Movement in the Central Library of the University of Tehran

Purpose: This research attempts to determine the status of the University of Tehran’s central library to establish the maker movement. Method: For so doing, both a library study method is used to prepare a checklist, and a survey method is done. By a purposive sampling, an interview with the Head of Central Library and Documentation Center of the Tehran University was carried out and a questionnaire was distributed among the librarians. Findings: The findings indicate that the central library’s condition in terms of human resources, finances, and infrastructure is not proper for the current makerspace. Conclusion: The results show that a high level of education and work experience has a positive effect on librarians' familiarity, skill and interest. For librarians, funding from the parent organization is greater than funding from library funding and other sources. Male librarians are less interested in establishing a maker movement, despite being more familiar with the makerspace and skillful in performing activities related to the makerspace. The organizing and cataloging department is more interested in creating a makerspace. The level of education and high work experience has a positive effect on the level of familiarity, skill and interest of librarians with activities related to the creative construction space, which can be used in the field of guiding, training and controlling related activities. For most librarians, there is enough time and space in the central library for makerspace. Undesirable hardware and software equipment in the library and lack of knowledge about digitalization laboratory equipment affect the level of knowledge of librarians

Identifying Factors Influencing the Final Price of E-Books for Children and Adolescents from the Viewpoint of Publishers

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the final price of e-books in general and the cost of production that has an impact on the final price from the viewpoint of publishers. Methods: In this study, qualitative methodology was used. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The statistical population of the study was all publishers of e-books for children and adolescents, licensed by the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. Results: Factors that affect the final price of an e-book for the end-users include: the print counterparts, the stakeholders, the contents, the cost of producing the e-book, the profits and sales, and finally, the external environment. In addition, from the viewpoint of publishers, effective factors affecting the final production costs of e-books included IT costs, e-book distribution costs, specialist human resources on contents and technology, contents production costs, corporate fixed costs, and advertising and marketing costs. Originality: This study investigated the effective factors on the final price of e-books for children and adolescents, for the first time. Moreover, the production prices of an e-book affect the final price assigned based on the publishers’ viewpoint