674 research outputs found

    Topology and Fragility in Cosmology

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    We introduce the notion of topological fragility and briefly discuss some examples from the literature. An important example of this type of fragility is the way globally anisotropic Bianchi V generalisations of the FLRW k=1k=-1 model result in a radical restriction on the allowed topology of spatial sections, thereby excluding compact cosmological models with negatively curved three-sections with anisotropy. An outcome of this is to exclude chaotic mixing in such models, which may be relevant, given the many recent attempts at employing compact FLRW k=1k=-1 models to produce chaotic mixing in the cosmic microwave background radiation, if the Universe turns out to be globally anisotropic.Comment: 12 pages, LaTex file, to appear in Gen. Rel. Grav. (1998

    A Counterexample to Claimed COBE Constraints on Compact Toroidal Universe Models

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    It has been suggested that if the Universe satisfies a flat, multiply connected, perturbed Friedmann-Lema^itre model, then cosmic microwave background data from the COBE satellite implies that the minimum size of the injectivity diameter (shortest closed spatial geodesic) must be larger than about two fifths of the horizon diameter. To show that this claim is misleading, a simple T2×RT^2 \times R universe model of injectivity diameter a quarter of this size, i.e. a tenth of the horizon diameter, is shown to be consistent with COBE four year observational maps of the cosmic microwave background. This is done using the identified circles principle.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted for Classical & Quantum Gravit

    On the rise of proton-proton cross-sections at high energies

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    The rise of the total, elastic and inelastic hadronic cross sections at high energies is investigated by means of an analytical parametrization, with the exponent of the leading logarithm contribution as a free fit parameter. Using derivative dispersion relations with one subtraction, two different fits to proton-proton and antiproton-proton total cross section and rho parameter data are developed, reproducing well the experimental information in the energy region 5 GeV - 7 TeV. The parametrization for the total cross sections is then extended to fit the elastic (integrated) cross section data in the same energy region, with satisfactory results. From these empirical results we extract the energy dependence of several physical quantities: inelastic cross section, ratios elastic/total, inelastic/total cross sections, ratio total-cross-section/elastic-slope, elastic slope and optical point. All data, fitted and predicted, are quite well described. We find a statistically consistent solution indicating: (1) an increase of the hadronic cross sections with the energy faster than the log-squared bound by Froissart and Martin; (2) asymptotic limits 1/3 and 2/3 for the ratios elastic/total and inelastic/total cross sections, respectively, a result in agreement with unitarity. These indications corroborate recent theoretical arguments by Ya. I. Azimov on the rise of the total cross section.Comment: 35 pages, 12 figures, discussions improved with further clarifications, references added and updated, one note added, results and conclusions unchanged. Version to be published in J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phy

    Manejo agroecológico de pastagens: experiências da fazendinha agro-ecológica km 47.

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    O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o manejo agroecológico de pastagens consorciadas no pastejo de vacas leiteiras em sistema orgânico de produção. Foram avaliadas a disponibilidade de matéria seca (MS) e a composição química da pastagem pela produção de biomassa e teores de proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e ácido (FDA), lignina, celulose e hemicelulose respectivamente. As experiencias foi realizado durante o período de 2006 à 2008 no Sistema Integrado de Produção Agroecológica (SIPA), convênio Embrapa/UFRRJ, localizado no município de Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro. O manejo agroecológico do consórcio com leguminosas constitui importante alternativa para se melhorar a qualidade nutricional da forragem em sistema orgânico de produção

    Características tecnológicas de variedades de cana-de-açúcar destinadas para indústria e forragem quando cultivadas em Argissolo.

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    A produtividade agrícola da cana-de-açúcar tem apresentado aumentos expressivos no País, graças à criação de novas variedades, manejo mais adequado do solo, uso de resíduos industriais na lavoura e aplicação racional de adubos e corretivos. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar características tecnológicas de cana-de-açúcar destinada para indústria e forragem quando cultivadas em Argissolo na região do Oeste Paulista. O experimento foi realizado nas dependências da Central de Álcool de Lucélia, localizada no município de Lucélia, Estado de São Paulo. A instalação ocorreu no mês de junho de 2004 e foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos (variedades) em quatro repetições. Por ocasião da colheita, foram retirados ao acaso 12 colmos inteiros de cana-de-açúcar em cada parcela e foram avaliadas as seguintes características tecnológicas, Brix (% caldo), Pol (% caldo), pureza (%), ATR (Kg açúcar/ t cana), fibra (% cana), além da produção de colmos (TCH). Variedades que geralmente são destinadas à indústria, também podem apresentar excelente potencial forrageiro

    Characteristic Energy of the Coulomb Interactions and the Pileup of States

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    Tunneling data on La1.28Sr1.72Mn2O7\mathrm{La_{1.28}Sr_{1.72}Mn_2O_7} crystals confirm Coulomb interaction effects through the E\sqrt{\mathrm{E}} dependence of the density of states. Importantly, the data and analysis at high energy, E, show a pileup of states: most of the states removed from near the Fermi level are found between ~40 and 130 meV, from which we infer the possibility of universal behavior. The agreement of our tunneling data with recent photoemission results further confirms our analysis.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR
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