Biological responses of white sea bream (Diplodus sargus, Linnaeus 1758) and sardine (Sardine pilchardus, Walbaum 1792) exposed to heavy metal contaminated water

The aim of the present work was to assess, by rapid approach, the detoxification capacity and the genotoxicity caused by exposure of some marine fish to polluted waters. The fish species selected for the study: white sea bream (Diplodus sargus, Linnaeus 1758) and sardine (Sardine pilchardus, Walbaum 1792) were collected from different sites of Alexandria, El-Max bay and Bahary, in Egypt. Results of heavy metals analysis in sediment were: Al>Fe>Cr>Pb>Hg>Cd. Concerning detoxification analysis, fish collected from El-Max bay encounter the highest liver enzyme activity of Glutathione S-Transferase. Also, genotoxicity was evaluated in liver, gills and muscle of fishes collected and the results indicated that fish collected from El-Max bay has the highest levels of comets (DNA damage) when compared to the other sites selected as reference. It can be concluded from our results that the different tissues examined have alteration of level of detossification and comets as result of different degree of oxidative pollution insult. These biological responses may be considered for rapid extimation of food oxidative damage as well as for environmental quality

temperature changes and marine fish species epinephelus coioides and sparus aurata role of oxidative stress biomarkers in toxicological food studies

The increase of seawater temperature as a result of global climate variation elucidates a major challenge for marine organisms survival in addition to consumers safety. Spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and Seabream (Sparus aurata) were collected in water with different temperature variations at Suez Canal and Alexandria (Suez and Abu Qir bay) in Egypt with the aim to assess expression levels of heat shock proteins such as HSP47, HSP70 and HSP90 genes in addition to antioxidants value through enzymes activity: Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx). Research results revealed that expression of the HSP47, HSP70a and HSP90 genes increased in marine fishes tissues collected from Suez Canal, with higher water temperature (23:28ºC), compared with those collected from Alexandria (19:24°C) whereas the content of GPx and GST decreased. Our results show alteration of the marker examined suggesting that the increase of heat shock protein genes expression levels of fish collected from Suez Canal might be exposed mainly to thermal oxidative stress response more than those collect from Alexandria. The increase of heat shock protein-related genes expression could be considered as a factor in prohibiting the heat shock transcription factor that may lead to stimulation of heat-inducible genes in addition to heat acclimation. Thus, warming of water is also likely to alter the composition and abundance of food resources, e.g. fish muscles, available to higher trophic level consumers

Fisheries and biodiversity along Mediterranean Sea: Italian and Egyptian coast overview

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Seawater Polluted with Highly Concentrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Suppresses Osteoblastic Activity in the Scales of Goldfish, Carassius auratus

We have developed an original in vitro bioassay using teleost scale, that has osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone matrix as each marker: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for osteoblasts and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) for osteoclasts. Using this scale in vitro bioassay, we examined the effects of seawater polluted with highly concentrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) on osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities in the present study. Polluted seawater was collected from two sites (the Alexandria site on the Mediterranean Sea and the Suez Canal site on the Red Sea). Total levels of PAHs in the seawater from the Alexandria and Suez Canal sites were 1364.59 and 992.56 ng/l, respectively. We were able to detect NPAHs in both seawater samples. Total levels of NPAHs were detected in the seawater of the Alexandria site (12.749 ng/l) and the Suez Canal site (3.914 ng/l). Each sample of polluted seawater was added to culture medium at dilution rates of 50, 100, and 500, and incubated with the goldfish scales for 6 hrs. Thereafter, ALP and TRAP activities were measured. ALP activity was significantly suppressed by both polluted seawater samples diluted at least 500 times, but TRAP activity did not change. In addition, mRNA expressions of osteoblastic markers (ALP, osteocalcin, and the receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand) decreased significantly, as did the ALP enzyme activity. In fact, ALP activity decreased on treatment with PAHs and NPAHs. We conclude that seawater polluted with highly concentrated PAHs and NPAHs influences bone metabolism in teleosts. © 2016 Zoological Society of Japan.Embargo Period 12 month

ANALYSIS OF SEAFOOD PROCESSES: AN APPLICATION FOR TRACEABILITY USING GENES AS "TRACEPOINTS"

World population and global economic importance make the stability and safety of their food supply a global public health priority and a major concern for international markets and trading partners. Resolving the country’s food supply and safety challenges will require a multi-pronged approach, including novel legislative and regulatory actions, increased public engagement, and a renewed commitment by industry to uphold principles of environmental sustainability and consumer protection. In order to implement best practices for the Safety Seafood Chain it is important to define for each node (e.g., Hatchery, Farm, Primary Processor) a set of information related to products (e.g., what kind of product, how it was produced) and to process events (e.g., where is a product, when will it be in a specific place, why is in a specific condition). Identification techniques that use open global standards are highlighted with special reference to our approach and contribution (see authors gene sequences in GenBank) for marine resource and seafood processes. Here, we report sequencing and PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis carried out, as biotechnological applications in relations to biological pollution assessment and breakpoint in traceability, due to a change in the product state or the associated info

Carboxymethyl chitosan modulates the genotoxic risk and oxidative stress of perfluorooctanoic acid in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is one of the most commonly used perfluorinated compounds. Being a persistent environmental pollutant, it can accumulate in human tissues via various exposure routes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the protective role of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) against PFOA-induced toxicity at the genetic and protein levels in Nile tilapia using the biochemistry analysis, SDS–PAGE electrophoresis, comet assay and RFLP–PCR methods. The results indicated that exposure to PFOA in water (30 mg/L) for 30 days resulted in a significant increase in ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine accompanied with a significant decrease in total protein and albumin. PFOA also increased DNA damage in electrophoresis condition and induced DNA and protein polymorphic band in comparison to control fish. CMC alone at 1% and 2% (W/W) in fish diets did not induce any alterations in the biochemical parameters, DNA or protein levels compared to the control group. Furthermore, CMC succeeded to decrease the toxicity of PFOA in a dose dependent manner. It could be concluded that PFOA induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in fish similar to those reported in mammals. CMC is a promising candidate and has a protective effect against-PFOA induced in vivo DNA damage and protein alteration in Nile tilapia. This effect might be attributable to its ability to decrease intracellular ROS and its antioxidant properties