Using Electro-peroxone Process to Remediate Soil Contaminated with Phenol

Industrial processes are among human activities that cause production of a large volume of wastewater containing organic pollutants such as phenol and its derivatives. Soil remediation is crucial for enhancing environmental quality for both humans and other living organisms. This study investigate the use of an electro-peroxone system to remove environmental pollutants from soil. In conjunction with ozonation, the study employed electrochemically generated hydrogen peroxide using a carbon electrode, addressing concerns about transportation and storage. Experiments were structured using response surface methodology (RSM) with three variables: ozone dosages ranging from 4 to 8 l/h, initial pollutant concentrations from 20 to 50 mg/kg, and treatment durations between 7 and 14 days. The effectiveness of phenol removal from soil was assessed by applying a consistent voltage of 2 V/cm to the soil samples in all experiments. Results revealed a negative correlation between initial pollutant concentration and ozone consumption and a positive correlation between treatment duration and pollutant removal efficiency. Optimal removal efficiency occurred with a 14-day treatment duration, an 8 l/h ozone dosage, and a 20 mg/kg initial pollutant concentration. The electro-peroxone system\u27s application indicates its potential as a sustainable, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach to soil remediation for pollution

Using Electro-peroxone Process to Remediate stabilized clay

Industrial processes are among human activities that cause the production of a large volume of wastewater containing organic pollutants such as phenol and its derivatives. These pollutants are among the substances that are considered a serious threat to the health of the environment, soil and humans. Soil remediation is crucial for enhancing environmental quality for both humans and other living organisms. This study investigated the use of an electro-peroxone system to remove environmental pollutants from soil. In conjunction with ozonation, the study employed electrochemically generated hydrogen peroxide using a carbon electrode, addressing concerns about transportation and storage. Experiments were structured using response surface methodology (RSM) with three variables: ozone dosages ranging from 4 to 8 l/hr, initial pollutant concentrations from 20 to 50 mg/kg, and treatment durations between 7 and 14 days. The effectiveness of phenol removal from soil was assessed by applying a consistent voltage of 1 V/cm to the soil samples in all experiments

A Study on Effects of Chemical Fertilizer and Organic Manures on Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa, cv. Hayward) Quality during Cold Storage

Introduction  Consumers demand for organic products is increasing due to their awareness of health and nutritional quality. Organic manures maintain soil health and ecological balance of the region. Organic agriculture, as an alternative agricultural system to protect human health and the environment can improve the quality and storability of the product. Kiwifruit is one of the most important agricultural products in north of Iran, which plays an effective role in trade and employment of the people. Fertilization is one of the main factors affecting the yield and quality of kiwifruit. Growers use organic manures and chemical fertilizers in their orchard to achieve higher yields. It is necessary to study the effect of various organic manures available in the region on the nutrition of kiwifruit vines due to increase chemical fertilizer prices and the formation of the market for organic fruits. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of using five types of organic manures and chemical fertilizer on the quality of Hayward kiwi fruit during cold storage.   Materials and Methods  This research was conducted as randomized complete block design consisting six treatments (including complete chemical fertilizer, sheep manure, cow manure, chicken manure, vermicompost and azolla) on Hayward kiwifruit vines in orchard and factorial experiment with three replicates in cold storage during four years. The fruits were harvested at TSS: 6.5 (approximately mid-November) and then stored at 0.5 ° C and 90% RH for three months. Sampling was performed every month and physicochemical characteristics, including flesh color parameters (L*, C*, h◦), total soluble solids, titratable acidity, firmness and weight loss of fruit were measured. Sensory evaluation of fruits was also performed at the end of three months cold storage. Analysis of variance of the data was done using SAS 9.1 software. The significance of differences between the mean of treatments was determined by using Duncan’s test.   Results and Discussion  The results showed the interaction between year, type of nutrition and cold storage period affected color indices, lightness and chroma. Lightness and chroma value didn’t show significant differences between organic and chemical fertilizer treatments. In addition, their value decreased during cold storage period, significantly. The chroma value indicates the degree of saturation of the green color and is associated with fruit firmness. The hue value was also influenced by the interaction between year and cold storage period and the simple effect of the nutrition type. The highest hue value was observed in chicken manure (108.63) and the lowest in vermicompost (107.66). The hue value decreased significantly after 90 days cold storage. According to the results, a decrease in fruit firmness, TA and an increase in TSS and TSS/TA were observed during cold storage irrespective of treatments. After 90 days, total soluble solids content was higher when organic fertilizers were applied. During the storage of kiwifruit, total soluble solids content increased, significantly. The titratable acidity value in organic fertilizer treatments was higher than chemical fertilizer after 90 days cold storage, significantly. Moreover, titratable acidity value decreased at the end of the cold storage period, significantly. The highest flesh fruit firmness was obtained in cow manure (8.74 kg/cm2) in forth year and chemical fertilizer treatment had the lowest flesh firmness (3.2 kg/cm2) in third year. Fruit lost firmness gradually during the cold storage period. However, no significant difference was found in maturity index (TSS/TA) between treatments. The TSS:TA ratio is highly increased after 90 days. Based on the results of the last two years, azolla, cow and chicken manures showed less weight loss percentage than chemical fertilizer treatment. Moreover, weight loss increased significantly during cold storage period in all treatments and years. Also the results of sensory analysis showed that fruits treated with vermicompost had a higher overall acceptance than other treatments.   Conclusion  Generally, organic nutrition plays an important role in increasing the nutritional value and shelf life of kiwifruit cv.Hayward. Organically produced fruits had higher firmness than conventionally grown fruits during storage. Application of cow manure and vermicompost showed favorable effects on important properties of kiwi fruit such as firmness, weight loss, TSS, TA and sensory quality. Therefore, organic fruits will have better quality in the cold storage. As a result, it seems that by reducing the use of chemical fertilizers in the current orchards, kiwi production will be close to the standards defined for organic fruit

Determination of Iran’s Competitiveness Place Among other Countries of the World

The Concept of Competitiveness is considerable from The micro and macro points of views. The present study in regard to the meanings of competitiveness is concentrating on a few distinctions First on The meaning's of competitiveness in the evolutionary ideology of comparative advantage and also dynamic comparative advantage in today's world has been considered by trade economists. In most studies, Competitive Compound index has been Categorized based on its determining Factors. But in this particular study, in addition to determining factors, the effects of the above mentioned indexes on factors of product function have been also considered. Because the original approach of this study is based on the fact that factors of comparativeness and ultimately to economic growth by the variables of the product function.  Therefore in this study, first there has been a brief review over  Comparative advantage theory, dynamic Comparative advantage, and comparative advantage, then several different definitions of comparatives Competitiveness will be presented, and then by reviewing experimental studies in regard to competitiveness.  The indexes of labor competitiveness, Capital, and technology will be introduced and then by the method of numerical taxonomy for 57 countries during 1995 to 2003, the above mentioned indexes will be calculated. It is notable that Iran has never been considered in any of the competitiveness studies in the world and these calculations has never been done for Iran. In this study Iran's rank in reported indexes has been calculated and Iran's competitiveness place among the countries of the world has been determined. For evaluation of calculated index, one aggregated index from the 3 mentioned indexes has been calculated, and compared with the indexes of other studies

Quantitative distribution of hesperidin in Citrus species, during fruit maturation and optimal harvest time

12-15The effect of harvest time and fruit growth on hesperidin content was studied on four Citrus species. The highest hesperidin content in different tested Citrus species was obtained 50 to 60 days after full bloom. Hesperidin content also varied in different species and its level was much higher in local orange, navel orange and clementine

Evaluation the prevalence of permanent anterior crown fracture and its relevant between 7-14 years students in Tehran, year of 1375

Anterior tooth crown fracture in children is something that each dentist will confront"nmany times during his professional career."nWe studied the prevalence of anterior teeth crown fractures between 7-14 years old students in"nTehran and some relevant factors like sex, age, the traumatized tooth, amount of overbite and"noverjet, upper lip coverage, jaw that had fractured tooth or teeth and place of fracture in fractured"ncrown."n1338 boys and 1184 girls were in this study. Tooth fracture was almost the same in boys and"n1184 girls with the prevalence of 8%. Fracture was mostly in enamel and average year of"nfracture was 10 years."nIncreased overjet and overbite had direct relation and indirect relation with fracture, also enough"nlip coverage showed less fracture

Trazodone in Methandone Induced Erectile Dysfunction

Objective: Based on findings of previous studies, those men on Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) have a high prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction(ED), related to hypogonadism and depression. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy of Trazodone (an antidepressant which can improve sexual function) on this sexual dysfunction. Method: A structured interview was administered by the clinical staff.The interview contained questions about the subjects' socio-demographic characteristics, their drug use and sexual behavior.In addition to the socio-demographic survey, erectile function was assessed using erectile dysfunction (ED) intensity scale. Of the 157 subjects, 95 suffered from ED. The subjects were informed  about the study. Then, seventy five patients voluntarily received 50mg of Trazodone for four days, and the dosage was increased to100 mg and maintained for 6 weeks. Fifty five patients who completed the treatment course were assessed by ED questionnaire again at the end of study. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 8 software. Results: The prevalence of ED was 60.5% in our sample. The mean erectile dysfunction (ED) intensity scale was 12.21, and 16.78 before and after the treatment course respectively. (P<0.05)ED severity had no significant relation with age and type of substance dependency (P>0.05) ; but it had a significant relation with duration of Methadone therapy and Methadone daily dosage. (p<0.05) Conclusion: Trazodone may be effective in the treatment of methadone induced ED. Further studies with control groups and greater sample sizes are warranted