Editors:

Many companies have scheduling, assignment, supply chain and other problems that could be solved with a constraint programming toolkit. Constraint programming also attracted a large community of researchers that is particularly strong in Europe. This workshop on Constraint Solving and Constraint Logic Programming continues a series of workshops jointly organized by the European Research Consortium fo

Digital - Belladona (contribución a su estudio): Tesis presentada para optar al grado de doctor en medicina

A la cabeza de portada: Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. - Incluye nómina de Catedráticos y Asignaturas. Tesis con dedicatoria

Cocoa Butter Saturated with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Measurements and Modelling of Solubility, Volumetric Expansion, Density and Viscosity

International audienceThe use of supercritical carbon dioxide technology for lipid processing has recently developed at the expense of traditional processes. For designing new processes the knowledge of thermophysical properties is a prerequisite. This work is focused on the characterization of physical and thermodynamic properties of CO2-cocoa butter (CB) saturated mixture. Measurements of density, volumetric expansion, viscosity and CO2 solubility were carried out on CB-rich phase at 313 and 353 K and pressures up to 40 MPa. The experimental techniques have previously been compared and validated. Density measurements of CB and CB saturated with CO2, were performed using the vibrating tube technology at pressures ranging from 0.1 to 25 MPa. Experimental values correlated well with the modified Tait equation. CO2 solubility measurements were coupled to those of density in the same pressures ranges. At 25 MPa, the solubility of CO2 is 31.4 % and 28.7 % at 313 and 353 K. Phase behaviour was investigated using a view cell in order to follow the expansion of the CB-rich phase with the rise in pressure. Volumetric expansion up to 47 % was measured and correlated to the CO2 solubility. Phase inversion was observed at 313 K and 40 MPa. Lastly, we developed an innovative falling ball viscometer for high pressure measurements. Viscosity measurements were carried out up to 25 MPa showing a viscosity reduction up to 90 % upon CO2 dissolution. These results were correlated with two empirical models. A new model here presented, was favourably compared with the Grunberg and Nissan model. All the experimental results are consistent with the available literature data for the CB-CO2 mixture and other fat systems. This work is a new contribution to the characterization of physical and thermodynamic behaviour of fats in contact with CO2 which is necessary to design supercritical fluid processes for fats processing

Effects of different phenylcapsaicin doses on resistance training performance, muscle damage, protein breakdown, metabolic response, ratings of perceived exertion, and recovery: a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial

Background The aim of this study was to explore the effects of a low dose (LD) of 0.625 mg and a high dose (HD) of 2.5 mg of phenylcapsaicin (PC) on full squat (SQ) performance, active muscle (RPE-AM) and overall body (RPE-OB) ratings of perceived exertion, muscle damage, protein breakdown, metabolic response, and 24-h recovery in comparison to placebo (PLA). Method Twenty-five resistance-trained males (age = 21.00 ± 2.15 years, SQ 1-repetition maximum [1RM] normalized = 1.66 ± 0.22 kg) were enrolled in this randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Participants completed 2 weekly sessions per condition (LD, HD, and PLA). The first session consisted of pre-blood testing of lactate, urea, and aspartate aminotransferases (AST) and 2 SQ repetitions with 60% 1RM followed by the resistance exercise protocol, which consisted of SQ sets of 3 × 8 × 70% 1RM monitoring lifting velocity. RPE-OB and RPE-AM were assessed after each set. After the first session, 2 SQ repetitions with 60% 1RM were performed, and blood lactate and urea posttests were collected. After 24 h, AST posttest and 1 × 2 × 60% 1RM were determined as biochemical and mechanical fatigue outcomes. Results HD reported significant differences for RPE-AM, AST, and SQ performance compared to LD and PLA. Post-hoc analyses revealed that HD attained faster velocities in SQ than LD (p = 0.008). HD induced a lower RPE-AM when compared with LD (p = 0.02) and PLA (p = 0.004). PLA resulted in higher AST concentrations at 24-h post than HD (p = 0.02). No significant differences were observed for the rest of the comparisons. Conclusions This study suggests that PC may favorably influence SQ performance, RPE-AM, and muscle damage compared to PLA. However, HD exhibited most of the biochemical and mechanical anti-fatigue effects instead of LD