Determination of Urban Public Transport Demand by Processing Electronic Travel Ticket Data

Determination of transport demand is one of the key factors to solve many transportation problems. Existing methods for obtaining information about passenger mobility have significant shortcomings; currently, methods based on the collection, integration and analysis of big data (Urban computing, big data) are being increasingly used.Within the framework of this approach, a methodology has been developed for determining the passenger traffic by public transport from the operations of validating electronic travel tickets: smart cards, transport cards, magnetic cards, mobile phones or other electronic devices (Electronic Gadgets), their details are recorded in the Automated Fare Collection (AFC).In this work we have taken into account that the passenger can travel one, two or more segments before paying for the trip. On some routes, payment is made at the end of the trip.The article presents a methodology based on defining and evaluating the set of acceptable variants of the connectedness of the passenger trips' sequence, which takes into account many factors that influence the choice of travel routes by the passenger. For example, unlike existing solutions, the possibility of paying for travel at any point of the route is taken into account, not necessarily immediately after boarding the vehicle.Approbation of the considered methodology was carried out on the data of the Krasnoyarsk public transport system for April 2019. It has been proved that passenger traffic from the validation of electronic travel tickets allows us to estimate the parameters of public transport demand within the limits of acceptable statistical errors

A Note on the Cosmological Dynamics in Finite-Range Gravity

In this note we consider the homogeneous and isotropic cosmology in the finite-range gravity theory recently proposed by Babak and Grishchuk. In this scenario the universe undergoes late time accelerated expansion if both the massive gravitons present in the model are tachyons. We carry out the phase space analysis of the system and show that the late-time acceleration is an attractor of the model.Comment: RevTex, 4 pages, two figures, New references added, To appear in IJMP

Toward Generalized Psychovisual Preprocessing For Video Encoding

Deep perceptual preprocessing has recently emerged as a new way to enable further bitrate savings across several generations of video encoders without breaking standards or requiring any changes in client devices. In this article, we lay the foundation for a generalized psychovisual preprocessing framework for video encoding and describe one of its promising instantiations that is practically deployable for video-on-demand, live, gaming, and user-generated content (UGC). Results using state-of-the-art advanced video coding (AVC), high efficiency video coding (HEVC), and versatile video coding (VVC) encoders show that average bitrate [Bjontegaard delta-rate (BD-rate)] gains of 11%-17% are obtained over three state-of-the-art reference-based quality metrics [Netflix video multi-method assessment fusion (VMAF), structural similarity index (SSIM), and Apple advanced video quality tool (AVQT)], as well as the recently proposed nonreference International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication?(ITU-T) P.1204 metric. The proposed framework on CPU is shown to be twice faster than × 264 medium-preset encoding. On GPU hardware, our approach achieves 714 frames/sec for 1080p video (below 2 ms/frame), thereby enabling its use in very-low-latency live video or game streaming applications

Escaping the complexity-bitrate-quality barriers of video encoders via deep perceptual optimization

We extend the concept of learnable video precoding (rate-aware neural-network processing prior to encoding) to deep perceptual optimization (DPO). Our framework comprises a pixel-to-pixel convolutional neural network that is trained based on the virtualization of core encoding blocks (block transform, quantization, block-based prediction) and multiple loss functions representing rate, distortion and visual quality of the virtual encoder. We evaluate our proposal with AVC/H.264 and AV1 under per-clip rate-quality optimization. The results show that DPO offers, on average, 14.2% bitrate reduction over AVC/H.264 and 12.5% bitrate reduction over AV1. Our framework is shown to improve both distortion- and perception-oriented metrics in a consistent manner, exhibiting only 3% outliers, which correspond to content with peculiar characteristics. Thus, DPO is shown to offer complexity-bitrate-quality tradeoffs that go beyond what conventional video encoders can offe

ENERGY SAVING AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT: SALES IN THE SVERDLOVSK REGION

The role of N. I. Danilov in the creation of a scientific and methodological school “Energy conservation and energy efficiency” in the Ural region and the further development of this direction in the development of the economy of the region and the country. The main directions and results of the work of the Institute for the Development of Housing and Utilities and Energy Saving named after N. I. Danilov on expert, analytical support of industry decisions made in the Sverdlovsk region and aimed at the implementation of the comprehensive plan of measures to improve the energy efficiency of the Russian economy and the state program of the Sverdlovsk region “Development of housing and utilities economy and energy efficiency improvement in the Sverdlovsk region until 2024”.Показана роль Н. И. Данилова в создании научно-методической школы «Энергосбережение и повышение энергетической эффективности» в Уральском регионе и дальнейшем развитии этого направления в развитии экономики региона и страны. Представлены основные направления и результаты работы Института развития жилищно-коммунального хозяйства и энергосбережения имени Н. И. Данилова по экспертной, аналитической поддержке отраслевых решений, принимаемых в Свердловской области и направленных на выполнение комплексного плана мероприятий по повышению энергетической эффективности экономики Российской Федерации и государственной программы Свердловской области «Развитие жилищно-коммунального хозяйства и повышение энергетической эффективности в Свердловской области до 2024 года»

Some numerical simulation results of the dynamic temperature distribution in dc plasma torch Thermoplasma 50-01

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. A DC plasma torch "Thermoplasma 50-01" has been modeled and simulated by developing a 2D axisymmetric model of laminar flow and heat transfer coupled to electromagnetic fields. As a result of the numerical solution, the dynamics of the formation of the temperature field and the velocity field in the plasma torch channel and at its exit is presented. The numerical results of the gas temperature and axial velocity result to be quite satisfactory

Asymptotic Infrared Fractal Structure of the Propagator for a Charged Fermion

It is well known that the long-range nature of the Coulomb interaction makes the definition of asymptotic ``in'' and ``out'' states of charged particles problematic in quantum field theory. In particular, the notion of a simple particle pole in the vacuum charged particle propagator is untenable and should be replaced by a more complicated branch cut structure describing an electron interacting with a possibly infinite number of soft photons. Previous work suggests a Dirac propagator raised to a fractional power dependent upon the fine structure constant, however the exponent has not been calculated in a unique gauge invariant manner. It has even been suggested that the fractal ``anomalous dimension'' can be removed by a gauge transformation. Here, a gauge invariant non-perturbative calculation will be discussed yielding an unambiguous fractional exponent. The closely analogous case of soft graviton exponents is also briefly explored.Comment: Updated with a corrected sign error, longer discussion of fractal dimension, and more reference