Risk Factors and Outcomes for Late Presentation for HIV-Positive Persons in Europe: Results from the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe Study (COHERE)

Background: Few studies have monitored late presentation (LP) of HIV infection over the European continent, including Eastern Europe. Study objectives were to explore the impact of LP on AIDS and mortality. Methods and Findings: LP was defined in Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE) as HIV diagnosis with a CD4 count <350/mm3 or an AIDS diagnosis within 6 months of HIV diagnosis among persons presenting for care between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2011. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with LP and Poisson regression to explore the impact on AIDS/death. 84,524 individuals from 23 cohorts in 35 countries contributed data; 45,488 were LP (53.8%). LP was highest in heterosexual males (66.1%), Southern European countries (57.0%), and persons originating from Africa (65.1%). LP decreased from 57.3% in 2000 to 51.7% in 2010/2011 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.96; 95% CI 0.95-0.97). LP decreased over time in both Central and Northern Europe among homosexual men, and male and female heterosexuals, but increased over time for female heterosexuals and male intravenous drug users (IDUs) from Southern Europe and in male and female IDUs from Eastern Europe. 8,187 AIDS/deaths occurred during 327,003 person-years of follow-up. In the first year after HIV diagnosis, LP was associated with over a 13-fold increased incidence of AIDS/death in Southern Europe (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 13.02; 95% CI 8.19-20.70) and over a 6-fold increased rate in Eastern Europe (aIRR 6.64; 95% CI 3.55-12.43). Conclusions: LP has decreased over time across Europe, but remains a significant issue in the region in all HIV exposure groups. LP increased in male IDUs and female heterosexuals from Southern Europe and IDUs in Eastern Europe. LP was associated with an increased rate of AIDS/deaths, particularly in the first year after HIV diagnosis, with significant variation across Europe. Earlier and more widespread testing, timely referrals after testing positive, and improved retention in care strategies are required to further reduce the incidence of LP

Développer la médiation documentaire numérique

Depuis quelques années, les bibliothèques investissent fortement l'Internet : catalogues en ligne, sites Web devenant peu à peu des portails de services, blogs et réseaux sociaux. Si l'objectif est bien d'être présent dans l'univers numérique des usagers existants ou potentiels, les bibliothèques, aussi bien universitaires que de lecture publique, doivent garder leur spécificité sous peine d'être noyées dans le flot général. L'un des axes de travail pour ce faire est de transposer en ligne la médiation documentaire, c'est-à-dire repenser pour l'Internet tous les moyens à mettre en œuvre pour favoriser la rencontre d'un lecteur avec les documents susceptibles de l'intéresser ou de lui ouvrir de nouveaux horizons. L'ouvrage traite de ce nouvel enjeu en proposant d'une part, un cadre général sur la médiation documentaire numérique (quelle politique documentaire favoriser ? Comment scénariser son catalogue, médiatiser un fonds patrimonial ou de jeux vidéo ? Comment définir son projet et accompagner les équipes ?) et d'autre part, des exemples concrets destinés à servir d'inspiration pour améliorer ou se lancer dans ce continent en pleine construction (quels contenus produire ? Quels outils utiliser ? Comment rédiger un billet de blog, un article de magazine en ligne, des coups de cœurs 2.0 ?). Coordonné par Xavier Galaup, directeur-adjoint de la médiathèque départementale du Haut-Rhin, ce volume collectif, qui réunit des auteurs d'horizons divers (universitaire, bibliothécaire et libraire), s'adresse à tous les acteurs des domaines de la culture et de l'éducation

The politics and aesthetics of commemoration: national days in southern Africa

The contributions to the special section in this issue study recent independence celebrations and other national days in South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Madagascar and the Democratic Republic of Congo. They explore the role of national days in state-making and nation-building, and examine the performativity of nationalism and the role of performances in national festivities. Placing the case studies in a broader, comparative perspective, the introduction first discusses the role of the state in national celebrations, highlighting three themes: firstly, the political power-play and contested politics of memory involved in the creation of a country’s festive calendar; secondly, the relationship between state control of national days and civic or popular participation or contestation; and thirdly, the complex relationship between regional and ethnic loyalties and national identifications. It then turns to the role of performance and aesthetics in the making of nations in general, and in national celebrations in particular. Finally, we look at the different formats and meanings of national days in the region and address the question whether there is anything specific about national days in southern Africa as compared to other parts of the continent or national celebrations world-wide.Web of Scienc

The New Black Theatre : Achievements and Problems

Fabre Geneviève. The New Black Theatre : Achievements and Problems. In: Caliban, n°15, 1978. pp. 121-129

Selected Bibliography of Essays on Black Feminist Criticism

Fabre Geneviève. Selected Bibliography of Essays on Black Feminist Criticism. In: Revue Française d'Etudes Américaines, N°30, novembre 1986. Les femmes écrivains aux Etats-Unis. pp. 501-502

Eléments de bibliographie

Fabre Geneviève. Eléments de bibliographie. In: Revue Française d'Etudes Américaines, N°51, février 1992. Fêtes et célébrations des groupes ethniques. pp. 85-87

Conversations with Miss Jane

Considering the wide range of conversations in the autobiography, this essay will attempt to appraise the importance of these verbal exchanges in relation to the overall narrative structure of the book and to the prevalent oral tradition in Louisiana culture, as both an individual and communal expression. The variety of circumstances, the setting and staging, the interlocutors , and the complex intersection of time and place, of stories and History, will be examined; in these conversations with Miss Jane many actors participate, from  the interviewer-narrator, to most characters; even the reader becomes involved.Speaking, hearing, listening, keeping silent is an elaborate ritual that performs many functions; besides conveying news or rumors, it imparts information on the times and on the life of a “representative” woman whose existence - spanning a whole century- is both singular and emblematic. Most importantly this essay will analyse the resonance of an eventful and often dramatic era on her sensibility and conversely show how her evolving sensibility informs that history and draws attention to aspects that might have passed unnoticed or be forever silenced. Jane’s desire for liberty and justice is often challenged as she faces the possibilities of life or death.Conversations build up a complex, often contradictory, but compelling portrait: torn between silence and vehemence, between memories and the urge to meet the future, Jane summons body and mind to find her way through the maze of a fast changing world; self-willed and obstinate she claims her right to speak, to express with wit and wisdom her firm belief in the word, in the ability to express deep seated convictions and faith and a whole array of feelings and emotions

Eléments de bibliographie

Fabre Geneviève. Eléments de bibliographie. In: Revue Française d'Etudes Américaines, N°51, février 1992. Fêtes et célébrations des groupes ethniques. pp. 85-87

Henry Louis Gates (éd.). — Black Literature and Literary Theory

Fabre Geneviève. Henry Louis Gates (éd.). — Black Literature and Literary Theory. In: Revue Française d'Etudes Américaines, N°24-25, mai 1985. L'impérialisme culturel américain ? p. 315

Présentation

Les groupes ethniques qui composent aujourd’hui la nation américaine ont sans cesse cherché à reformuler leur identité, à en cerner les composantes et les contours, à en indiquer les codes. Ce faisant, ils ont érigé ou abattu des frontières – nationales, culturelles, linguistiques – élaboré des stratégies de repli ou de séparation, de rencontres ou d’échanges. Ces stratégies ont marqué à des degrés divers leur conception de l’altérité ou leur droit à la différence ; elles ont été aussi mises ..