21 research outputs found
Genetic susceptibilty and celiac disease: what role do HLA haplotypes play?
Celiac disease is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Many genes involved in the pathogenesis have been identified and a crucial role is known to be played by the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system. The main determinants for genetic susceptibility are HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genes encoding for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 molecules, carried by almost all patients affected. However, since HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 heterodimers explain almost 40% of the disease heritability, HLA typing should not be applied in diagnosis, but exclusively to clarify uncertain diagnoses, considering its negative predictive value
Short- and long-term efficacy of Endoscopic balloon dilation in Crohn's disease strictures (I.F.2,547)
AIM: To evaluate short- and long-term efficacy of endoscopic
balloon dilation in a cohort of consecutive
patients with symptomatic Crohn’s disease (CD)-related
strictures.
METHODS: Twenty-six CD patients (11 men; median
age 36.8 year, range 11-65 years) with 27 symptomatic
strictures underwent endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD).Both naive and post-operative strictures, of any length
and diameter, with or without associated fistula were
included. After a clinical and radiological assessment,
EBD was performed with a Microvasive Rigiflex through
the scope balloon system. The procedure was considered
successful if no symptom reoccurred in the following
6 mo. The long-term clinical outcome was to avoid
surgery.
RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 40.7 ± 5.7
mo (range 10-94 mo). In this period, forty-six EBD
were performed with a technical success of 100%. No
procedure-related complication was reported. Surgery
was avoided in 92.6% of the patients during the entire
follow-up. Two patients, both presenting ileocecal strictures
associated with fistula, failed to respond to the
treatment and underwent surgical strictures resection.
Of the 24 patients who did not undergo surgery, 11 patients
received 1 EBD, and 13 required further dilations
over time for the treatment of relapsing strictures (7
patients underwent 2 dilations, 5 patients 3 dilations,
and 1 patient 4 dilations). Overall, the EBD success rate
after the first dilation was 81.5%. No difference was
observed between the EBD success rate for naive (n =
12) and post-operative (n = 15) CD related strictures (P
> 0.05).
CONCLUSION: EBD appears to be a safe and effective
procedure in the therapeutic management of CDrelated
strictures of any origin and dimension in order
to prevent surgery
Primary Antimicrobial Susceptibility Changes in Children with Helicobacter pylori Infection over 13 Years in Northern Italy
The eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is still a challenge for
gastroenterologists. One of the main causes of failure in H. pylori eradication is the antibiotic
resistance mainly to clarithromycin. Culture from biopsies is maybe the most used method among
the antimicrobial susceptibility techniques. In this study, we compared the antimicrobial
susceptibility changes in children with H. pylori infection over 13 years and we confirmed that
clarithromycin resistance has been increased (16% versus 26%) though with no statistically signficant
value. Therefore, clarithromycin should not be used in empiric treatment of H. pylori eradication
therapy in children, but its use should be limited only to children with known antimicrobial
susceptibility. On the other hand, metronidazole resistance has decreased over this time period in
statistically significant manner (56% versus 33%, p=0.014). Furthermore, ampicillin resistance has been confirmed to be very rare (3% versus 0%) in children with H. pylori infection. In conclusion, in H. pylori infection, if we do not
know the antibiotic susceptibility of patients, we should recommend an eradication therapy based
on the local distribution of antibiotic resistance rates trying to limit the therapeutic failures
A Role for Pathogenesis-Related Proteins in Poly-Sensitized Allergic Patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Clinical and Endoscopic Features
Objective: Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the esophagus often associated
with atopy. Most EoE patients are poly-sensitized to inhalant and food allergens. Sensitization to pan-allergens is
also frequent but their role in EoE is unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of sensitization toward
pathogenesis-related proteins (PR) in patients with EoE, and its relationship with clinical and endoscopic features.
Methods: A group of poly-sensitized patients was retrospectively analyzed, and clinical, endoscopic, and
histological differences were compared between patients’ sensitized and non-sensitized to PR-10 proteins.
Results: Dysphagia was more frequent in patients sensitized to PR-10 compared with non-sensitized subjects
(83% vs. 42%, p=0.032) while other presenting symptoms did not significantly differ between the two groups.
The mean esophageal eosinophil peak was significantly higher in PR-10-sensitized patients (p=0.047). As far as
endoscopic findings were concerned, no difference was found between the two groups.
Conclusion: Sensitization to plant-food allergens such as PR-10 proteins seems relevant in poly-sensitized
patients suffering from EoE and needs to be evaluated in order to test the result of an appropriate elimination di
Clinical approach to the patient with acute gastrointestinal bleeding
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a very common condition at all ages, with high rates of morbidity and mortality, especially in case of acute presentation. The optimal management of acute GIB requires a timely overview of vital signs and clinical presentation to stabilize the patient if necessary and set up the most adequate diagnostic and therapeutic approach, based on the suspected etiology. Endoscopy plays a major role both in diagnosis and treatment of acute GIB, as allows the application of several hemostasis techniques during the diagnostic session, which should preferably be performed within 24 hours from the acute event. The hemostasis technique should be chosen based on type, etiology of the bleeding and the operator preference and expertise. Nevertheless, several challenging cases need the cooperation of radiology especially in the diagnostic phase, and even in the therapeutic phase for those bleedings in which medical and endoscopic techniques have failed. Imaging diagnostic techniques include mainly CT angiography, scintigraphy with labeled erythrocytes and arteriography. This last technique plays also a therapeutic role in case arterial embolization is needed. Only those patients in which the previous techniques have failed, both in diagnosis and treatment, are candidates for emergency surgery
Widespread Nivolumab-induced Enteropathy in a Long Responder Non–Small-cell Lung Cancer Patient
Risk of tumor implantation in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in the upper aerodigestive tumors
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has become a mainstay in providing enteral access for patients with obstructive head, neck and esophageal tumors. Tumor cell implantation is a rare complication in patients with aerodigestive cancers, who have undergone PEG tube placement. The objective of this review is to determine the incidence and contributing risk factors leading to the implantation of metastases into the abdominal wall following PEG placement. A comprehensive review of the literature in PUBMED (2008-2018) was performed. The literature search revealed reports of more than 50 cases of abdominal wall metastases after PEG placement. As most of these studies were case reports, the exact rate of metastasis remains unknown. Generally pharyngoesophageal location of primary cancer (100%), squamous cell histology (98%), poorly differentiated tumor cells (92%), advanced pathological stage (97%), and large primary cancer size were identified as strong risk factors for the development of stomal metastasis. Abdominal wall metastases following PEG placement are a rare but serious complication in patients with head and neck malignancy