Efficiency of entomopathogenic nematodes and chemical insecticides against Sphenophorus levis and Leucothyreus sp. on sugarcane

The sugarcane billbug, Sphenophorus levis (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), is an important pest of sugarcane crops in the São Paulo State, Brazil. Their larvae damage plants rhizome, causing losses of up to 30 t ha-1 year-1 of sugarcane. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes and chemical insecticides against the sugarcane billbug and the scarab beetle Leucothyreus sp., three field trials were carried out in Brazil. For the first one, 10 treatments were considered: 1) thiametoxan (Actara 250WG) 500 g ha-1 of commercial product (c.p.); 2) thiametoxan 1.0 kg ha-1 c.p.; 3) thiametoxan 1.5 kg ha-1 c.p.; 4) Steinernema brazilense 108 infective juveniles (IJ) ha-1 + thiametoxan 250 g ha-1 c.p.; 5) S. brazilense (108 IJ ha-1) + thiametoxan 500 g ha-1 c.p.; 6) Heterorhabditis indica (108 IJ ha-1) + thiametoxan 250 g ha-1 c.p; 7) H. indica (108 IJ ha-1) + thiametoxan 500 g ha-1 c.p.; 8) S. brazilense (108 IJ ha-1); 9) H. indica (108 IJ ha-1); and 10) Control. The second one consisted of five treatments: 1) thiametoxan (Actara 250WG) 800 g ha-1 c.p.; 2) fipronil (Regente 800WG) 250 g ha-1 c.p.; 3) S. brazilense (108 IJ ha-1); 4) S. brazilense (108 IJ ha-1) + thiametoxan 200 g ha-1 c.p.; and 5) Control. In the third one, all treatments already mentioned for the second trial plus the mixture S. brazilense (108 IJ ha-1) + fipronil (Regente 800WG) 62.5 g ha-1 c.p. were considered. All treatments with the insecticides and nematodes provided higher sugarcane yield, when compared to their respective controls, which were most damaged by S. levis, but without statistical significance. S. brazilense was more efficient on controlling this pest, if compared to H. indica, but without statistical significance. S. brazilense provided a 50% control of Leucothyreus sp. larvae, meanwhile the best treatments against this scarab were the mixtures of this nematode with fipronil (78%) and thiametoxan (83%)

Mortality of Conotrachelus humeropictus in response to combined application of the nematode Steinernema brazilense and the fungus Beauveria bassiana

ABSTRACT: The fruit borer Conotrachelus humeropictus is one of the most important pests of the cupuaçu crop, and can promote yield losses of around 50%. The present study involved the selection of Beauveria bassiana isolates on Conotrachelus psidii larvae, which was used as test insect due to its taxonomic closeness to C. humeropictus. In order to assess their interaction using combined application, we studied the ability of the nematode to carry conidia of B. bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae to soil layers. This study also aimed to establish a biological control method for cupuaçu borer with the use of the fungus B. bassiana at 10 kg/ha and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema brazilense at 1, 3, 9, and 27 IJ/cm2, applied as single and combined treatments. In the selection of B. bassiana strains for C. psidii, the IBCB 276 and IBCB 165 isolates were the most promising ones, causing 86 and 84% mortality, respectively. The IBCB 276 strain was applied in the field to control C. humeropictus. In the study of carriage of conidia in soil, the nematode S. brazilense was found to be capable of carrying conidia of B. bassiana to deep 7 to 10 cm soil layers. This was not observed with M. anisopliae, found only in the topsoil. In field trials against C. humeropictus larvae, B. bassiana promoted 15.6% mortality. The nematode promoted 60.0% mortality at the highest concentration used, and their combined use with B. bassiana (10 kg/ha) increased mortality to 65.6%, with an additive interaction observed between the two entomopathogens