Location-based Marketing : Kundenakquise und -bindung für lokale Unternehmen

Das mobile Internet wird zu einem immer wichtigeren Faktor. Lokale Unternehmen müssen sich überlegen, wie sie ihre Kunden auch in Zukunft ansprechen wollen und in welche Marketingmaßnahmen dabei investiert wird. Location-based Marketing bietet lokalen Unternehmen die Möglichkeit, den Kunden mobil über standortbezogene Dienste zu erreichen und in ihre Geschäfte zu locken. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich in diesem Zusammenhang mit der Kundenakquise sowie -bindung die über sogenannte Location-based Services erfolgen kann. Um die technischen Aspekte zu erläutern, wird zunächst die Positionsbestimmung erklärt. Danach wird ein Überblick über die verschiedenen Arten der standortbezogenen Dienste geboten. Darauf folgt eine nähere Betrachtung der Marketingstrategien, die innerhalb der Location-based Services angewendet werden können. Neben der Definition des Location-based Marketings, dient das Kundenmanagement dabei als zentrales Leitthema. Als Orientierung zum Einstieg in die mobile Werbebranche, wird anschließend das Marktpotenzial der standortbezogenen Dienste aufgezeigt. Im analytischen Teil der Arbeit, werden die Chancen als auch die Risiken der Location-based Services aufgeschlüsselt. Das Kundenmanagement dient dabei als signifikanter Maßstab. Schließlich kann somit ermittelt werden, ob sich eine Investition für lokale Unternehmen in diesem Bereich lohnt

Oxygen carriers affect kidney immunogenicity during ex-vivo machine perfusion

Normothermic ex-vivo machine perfusion provides a powerful tool to improve donor kidney preservation and a route for the delivery of pharmacological or gene therapeutic interventions prior to transplantation. However, perfusion at normothermic temperatures requires adequate tissue oxygenation to meet the physiological metabolic demand. For this purpose, the addition of appropriate oxygen carriers (OCs) to the perfusion solution is essential to ensure a sufficient oxygen supply and reduce the risk for tissue injury due to hypoxia. It is crucial that the selected OCs preserve the integrity and low immunogenicity of the graft. In this study, the effect of two OCs on the organ's integrity and immunogenicity was evaluated. Porcine kidneys were perfused ex-vivo for four hours using perfusion solutions supplemented with red blood cells (RBCs) as conventional OC, perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based OC, or Hemarina-M101 (M101), a lugworm hemoglobin-based OC named HEMO2life®, recently approved in Europe (i.e., CE obtained in October 2022). Perfusions with all OCs led to decreased lactate levels. Additionally, none of the OCs negatively affected renal morphology as determined by histological analyses. Remarkably, all OCs improved the perfusion solution by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-8, TNFα) and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) on both transcript and protein level, suggesting a beneficial effect of the OCs in maintaining the low immunogenicity of the graft. Thus, PFC-based OCs and M101 may constitute a promising alternative to RBCs during normothermic ex-vivo kidney perfusion

Structure and Stability of artificial oxygen carriers investigated by (U)SAXS – A nanomedicine small angle scattering study

Red blood cell concentrates (RBC) are an indispensable tool in various clinical scenarios; however, the available quantity is already highly limited, which will become an even more severe problem in the future. To overcome these peculiarities and limitations of RBCs, we developed albumin-derived perfluorocarbon-based artificial oxygen carriers (A-AOCs), that are comprised of a perfluorodecalin (PFD) microemulsion core and an albumin shell, and have already successfully supplied oxygen in extra-corporally perfused hearts and various animal models [1]. The structure and stability of A-AOCs is sensitive to changes of the carrier solution, so we needed to learn more about the structure and structural changes on the nanoscale. Conventional characterization techniques lack the spatial resolution (e.g. light scattering) or need dried and thus non-physiological samples (e.g. SEM, TEM), and thus yield limited information on A-AOC structure in solution. We therefore used (ultra-)small angle X-ray scattering, which does not have such limitations and allows studying also especially dense, opaque suspensions.In our contribution, we present recent results of (U)SAXS measurements on A-AOCs covering a wide, clinical-relevant concentration and temperature range. We investigate A-AOCs from different synthesis approaches, using ultra-sound [2] and microfluidizing techniques, which reveal different sizes and stabilities. Based on these findings, it is now possible to optimize the synthesis parameters, in order to yield stabile A-AOCs of the wanted size and dispersity.This study therefore shows the huge potential of small angle scattering for the study of pharmaceutical and medical-relevant samples [3], with direct implications for the development of new formulations.[1] Wrobeln, A., Jägers, J., Quinting, T., Schreiber, T., Kirsch, M., Fandrey, J. & Ferenz, K.B. Albumin-derived perfluorocarbon-based artificial oxygen carriers can avoid hypoxic tissue damage in massive hemodilution. Sci. Rep. 10, 11950 (2020). 10.1038/s41598-020-68701-z[2] Wrobeln, A., Laudien, J., Gross-Heitfeld, C., Linders, J., Mayer, C., Wilde, B., Knoll, T., Naglav, D., Kirsch, M., Ferenz, K.B. Albumin-derived perfluorocarbon-based artificial oxygen carriers: A physico-chemical characterization and first in vivo evaluation of biocompatibility. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 115, 52–64 (2017). 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.02.01

Performance of procrastinators: on the value of deadlines

Effort choice, Deadlines, (Quasi-) Hyperbolic discounting, Naiveté, Present-biased preferences, Sophistication, A12, D11,