The planetary commons:A new paradigm for safeguarding Earth-regulating systems in the Anthropocene

The Anthropocene signifies the start of a no-analogue trajectory of the Earth system that is fundamentally different from the Holocene. This new trajectory is characterized by rising risks of triggering irreversible and unmanageable shifts in Earth system functioning. We urgently need a new global approach to safeguard critical Earth system regulating functions more effectively and comprehensively. The global commons framework is the closest example of an existing approach with the aim of governing biophysical systems on Earth upon which the world collectively depends. Derived during stable Holocene conditions, the global commons framework must now evolve in the light of new Anthropocene dynamics. This requires a fundamental shift from a focus only on governing shared resources beyond national jurisdiction, to one that secures critical functions of the Earth system irrespective of national boundaries. We propose a new framework-the planetary commons-which differs from the global commons framework by including not only globally shared geographic regions but also critical biophysical systems that regulate the resilience and state, and therefore livability, on Earth. The new planetary commons should articulate and create comprehensive stewardship obligations through Earth system governance aimed at restoring and strengthening planetary resilience and justice.</p

The planetary commons: A new paradigm for safeguarding Earth-regulating systems in the Anthropocene

The Anthropocene signifies the start of a no-analogue trajectory of the Earth system that is fundamentally different from the Holocene. This new trajectory is characterized by rising risks of triggering irreversible and unmanageable shifts in Earth system functioning. We urgently need a new global approach to safeguard critical Earth system regulating functions more effectively and comprehensively. The global commons framework is the closest example of an existing approach with the aim of governing biophysical systems on Earth upon which the world collectively depends. Derived during stable Holocene conditions, the global commons framework must now evolve in the light of new Anthropocene dynamics. This requires a fundamental shift from a focus only on governing shared resources beyond national jurisdiction, to one that secures critical functions of the Earth system irrespective of national boundaries. We propose a new framework-the planetary commons-which differs from the global commons framework by including not only globally shared geographic regions but also critical biophysical systems that regulate the resilience and state, and therefore livability, on Earth. The new planetary commons should articulate and create comprehensive stewardship obligations through Earth system governance aimed at restoring and strengthening planetary resilience and justice

Approaching Automation of Production Planning and Control: A Theoretical Framework

The ongoing digitization of production has led to a significant increase in global competition. Manufacturing companies located in high-wage countries such as Germany must find ways to transform their production to economically competitive technologies. Automation is seen as a suitable method for reducing process costs in the manufacturing industry. Especially the automation of production planning and control (PPC) is a major challenge for companies. Since it often is not easy to determine the objectives for automation, identifying automation potentials is a problem. In addition, there are organizational, technical and personnel challenges to automation. While most companies have recognized the potentials of automation they often fail to achieve these in practice. This paper presents a process model that supports companies in systematically automate PPC. The model provides users with guidelines to help to identify automation potentials. It offers the ability to overcome typical barriers to automation through recommendations for appropriate measures and determines the common challenges companies are facing in the field of automation. The process model is divided into two sub-models. In the phase model, the required phases and steps of the model are identified. The task model provides a detailed description of tasks to perform to successfully approach the automation of PPC