Triagem do câncer cervical: acesso e prevenção na atenção primária à saúde no Brasil

Backgroung: Cervical cancer is a serious public health problem in Brazil and around the world. Its screening through the Pap smear screening is crucial for prevention and early detection. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the Pap smear ratio in the regions of the State of Rio Grande do Norte from 2008 to 2014, and to describe the regions with lower and higher screening for cervical cancer according to the space. Methods: It is a quantitative, retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study that used secondary data from SISCOLO/DATASUS. The sample was composed by the 167 municipalities of the State of Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil, divided by the eight regions of that State. The results were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies, the differences between means were analyzed by the T student tests, in which significant differences were considered when p<0.05. The mapping of results was done through the TabWin program 32. Conclusion: The average ratio of Pap smear varied considerably between the regions of the State in the years 2008 to 2014. There was decrease in the average of the ratio between the years 2008 and 2014, especially in the metropolitan region. Regarding the space, it was seen that most of the municipalities with the lower ratio are located at the ends of the map. Knowing the cytopathological ratio indicator in the regions of the State is fundamental for the management of health in that State, in order to better qualify practitioners and to establish specific goals for the evaluation of coverage of cervical cancer.O câncer do colo do útero é um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo. Sua triagem através do exame de Papanicolaou é crucial para prevenção e detecção precoce. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a taxa de Papanicolaou nas regiões do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte de 2008 a 2014 e comparar as regiões com triagem cada vez menor para câncer de colo uterino de acordo com o espaço. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, descritivo e transversal que utilizou dados secundários do SISCOLO/DATASUS. A amostra foi composta pelos 167 municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Norte no Brasil, divididos pelas oito regiões desse estado. O programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) foi utilizado para estatística descritiva através do conhecimento de médias, frequências e porcentagens. O mapeamento dos resultados foi realizado por meio do programa TabWin 32. Quanto aos resultados, a taxa de aeração do Papanicolau variou consideravelmente entre as regiões do estado nos anos de 2008 a 2014. Houve queda na média da razão entre os anos de 2008 e 2014, principalmente na região metropolitana. Em relação ao espaço, observou-se que a maioria dos municípios com menor índice está localizada nas extremidades do mapa. O conhecimento do indicador de razão nas regiões do estado é fundamental para a gestão da saúde naquele estado, a fim de qualificar melhor os profissionais e estabelecer metas específicas para a avaliação da cobertura do câncer de colo de útero

Mental Health in the Basic Attention: an epidemic study based on the risk focus

The transformations of stamp social, political and economical happened in the last decades they rebound significantly in all the sections of the society. And if it cannot leave of considering the influences of those transformations for the mental health of the population. It is a epidemic cohort study that aimed at accomplishing the risk for mental disease in the population assisted by the Unit of Health of the Family of the habitational group, neighborhood of Mangabeira, city of Joao Pessoa-PB, where Self Report Questionnaire-20 was used (SRQ-20). Association of the Risk was observed for Depression and Anxiety with the feminine sex (59,40%), among the age group from 40 to 65 years (66%), in the occupation of domestic services (65,5%). We are mischievous to recognize that the mental suffering has been growing relatively in the studied sample and starting from that verification it is done necessary an immediate attention to the problems of mental health in the community's people