Interpebble contact radius in a comet nucleus

In recent years, the gravitational collapse of pebble clumps in the early Solar System has been regarded as a plausible scenario for the origin of comets. In this context, ``pebbles'' represent mm- to cm-sized dust aggregates composed of (sub)micron-sized dust particles, and the structure of km-sized comets is thought to be an agglomerate of pebbles. The contact radius for pebble-pebble contacts was modelled in an earlier study; however, the pressure dependence of the interpebble contact radius was not considered. Here, we revisit the interpebble contact radius in a comet nucleus. We calculated the interpebble contact radius based on JKR contact theory, and we took into consideration the effect of lithostatic pressure. We found that the interpebble contact radius varies with depth from the surface, and the earlier model underestimated it by one order of magnitude at the centre of the comet nucleus.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Performance of large scaled tsunami run-up analysis using explicit ISPH method

The tsunami run-up simulation by the particle method at city level needs to huge number of particle at least 1 billion particles. The conventional particle simulation method is not easy to solve these huge problem even on the premise of using supercomputer. Then, a new particle method ’fully explicit Incompressible SPH’ is developed that takes into consideration both calculation efficiency and accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate the future plan how to use our simulation resultes for a practical ’Soft’ disaster mitigation method through the evacuation education with the Virtual Reality(VR) system

The Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline for acute kidney injury 2016

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome which has a broad range of etiologic factors depending on different clinical settings. Because AKI has significant impacts on prognosis in any clinical settings, early detection and intervention are necessary to improve the outcomes of AKI patients. This clinical guideline for AKI was developed by a multidisciplinary approach with nephrology, intensive care medicine, blood purification, and pediatrics. Of note, clinical practice for AKI management which was widely performed in Japan was also evaluated with comprehensive literature search

Nationwide multicentre kidney biopsy study of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系Background. The clinical and pathologic manifestations of nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes are diverse, but large-scale pathologic studies with long-termobservations are limited. Methods. Kidney biopsies and clinical data of 600 patients with type 2 diabetes were collected retrospectively from 13 centres across Japan. Thirteen pathologic findings (nine glomerular lesions, two interstitial lesions and two vascular lesions) were clearly defined and scored. Results. During the observation period, there were 304 composite kidney events [dialysis, doubling of creatinine or reduction of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by half], 31 instances of chronic kidney disease (CKD) G5D, 76 cardiovascular events and 73 deaths. The mean observation period was 72.4 months. The distribution of CKD heat map categories for the 600 patients was 103 green or yellow, 149 orange and 348 red. Even in the cases in the green and yellow category, diffuse lesions (81.6%), polar vasculosis (42.6%) and subendothelial space widening (35.1%) were commonly detected. Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that the presence of nodular lesions [hazard ratio (HR) 21.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.3-84.6], exudative lesions (HR 5.1, 95% CI 1.3-20.3) and mesangiolysis (HR 7.6, 95% CI 2.0-28.8) in cases in the green and yellow category were associated with significantly great impact on composite kidney events after adjustment for clinical risk factors. Conclusions. This nationwide study on kidney biopsy of 600 cases with type 2 diabetes revealed that pathologic findings (presence of nodular lesions, exudative lesions and mesangiolysis) were strong predictors of kidney events in low-risk patients. © The Author 2017.Embargo Period 12 month

一九世紀中国の社会変動に対する清朝の政策と旗人官僚: ある旗人高官の家族を例に

本研究では, 清代に著名な官僚を多数輩出した旗人の名家であった完顔氏一族を取り上げながら, 19世紀後半の中国四川省における清朝の諸政策とその政策を担った旗人官僚の位置・役割について検討した。この検討によって, 清代後期における完顔氏一族の歴史の一齣を紐解くことができたほか, その一員であった崇実が地方官僚として活動した19世紀後半の四川省における清朝の行政処理過程と, その過程のなかにおける崇実の旗人官僚としての位置・役割について, その一端を解明することができた。研究課題/領域番号:18720188, 研究期間(年度):2006-200

地域概念としての「東三省」の形成過程からみた清代後期マンチュリアの政治・社会変動

本研究では主に、清代のマンチュリアを指す地域呼称(特に「東三省」の語)を含む記事を清代諸史料から抽出し、それらの用法とその時期的変遷に関する確認・分析を行なった。その結果、以下のことが明らかになった。1)清代前期には、清朝は基本的に「東三省」の語を領域的・空間的な概念を示すものとしてではなく、ある特定の人的集団を指す語として用いていた。2) 19世紀に入る頃からは徐々に、「東三省」の語が領域的・空間的な意味合いを含む語としても次第に用いられつつあった。3)マンチュリアという地域に対する清朝やその官僚の認識は基本的に、三将軍の管轄区域それぞれを基本的な枠組みとするものであったが、19世紀に入ると、その上位概念として「東三省」という地域概念も形成され始めていった。In this research, I picked up some terms which meant the Qing Manchuria, in particular, the term\u27 Dong-san-sheng\u27, from the Qing documents, and analyzed the usage of the terms and its historical changes during the Qing period. I have some remarks as follows. 1) In the first half of the period, the Qing dynasty used the term\u27 Dong-san-sheng\u27 not as a place-name of Manchuria but as the name of a group of Manchu bannermen in Manchuria. 2) However, after the beginning of the 19th century, the term began to be used as a place-name of Manchuria as well. 3) In the second half of the Qing period, Manchuria began to be regarded as a region called\u27 Dong-san-sheng\u27, aswell asa mix of the three provincesin Manchuria : Mukden, Jilin and Heilongjiang