42 research outputs found

    ウシ κ-カゼイン ノ フキンイツセイ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ ノウゲイ カガク ブモン

    Get PDF
    牛κ-カゼインの不均一性を調べるため, Zittle-Custer法で調製したκ-カゼインを, β-メルカプトエタノールで還元した後, 0.02Mイミダゾール・塩酸緩衝液(pH 7.0), NaCl濃度勾配(0.02M∿0.2M)を用いて, DEAEセルロースクロマトグラフィーをおこない, 非吸着画分を含めて6画分を得た。(P-1∿P-6)澱粉ゲル電気泳動(pH 8.6)において, P-1は負極へ移動するが, 他の5画分は, 高い塩濃度で溶出する画分ほど, 正極へより多く移動する傾向が見られた。6画分の化学組成を調べた結果, シアル酸含有量に著しい差異が見られ, P-1とP-2には全くシアル酸が含まれず, P-3∿P-6では, 高い塩濃度で溶出する画分ほど, シアル酸を多く含んでいた。アミノ酸組成は, どの画分もほぼ同じであった。6画分のうち, P-1以外は, κ-カゼインの特徴であるα_S-カゼイン安定化能を有している。The heterogeneity of bovine κ-casein was studied. κ-Casein was prepared from fresh bovine milk by the method of Zittle and Custer. After the reduction of κ-casein with β-mercaptoethanol, it was fractionated by chromatography on a column of DEAE cellulose with linear gradient system of sodium chloride (0.02M to 0.2M) in imidazole-HCl buffer, pH 7.0. Six fractions (P-1 to P-6) were obtained including a non absorbed fraction to the column. In the starch gel electrophoresis, the fractions migrated to anode except the fraction P-1 which was mobile to the cathode. The sequence of mobilities in electrophoresis coincides exactly with the sequence of the elution on DEAE cellulose chromatography in the gradient system. The amino acid compositions of these fractions are almost the same except the fraction P-1 but the sialic acid contents are different greatly. All these fractions (P-2 to P-6) had the ability of stabilizing α_S-casein and the removement of sialic acid is of no effect on that stabilizing effect. It is concluded that the heterogeneity of κ-casein is attributed to the difference of the sialic acid contents

    Studies on κ-Casein of Bovine Milk III : Some properties of κ-casein and its complex (Agricultural Chemistry)

    Get PDF
    κ-カゼインを三種の方法で調製し, 電気泳動, 超遠心分析, α_S-カゼイン安定化力等について調べた。尿素中における等電点はpH6.0であり, α_S-カゼインとは違うことが明確になった。S_は尿素中で2.6∿3.8であり尿素が存在しないとpH8.0で14.4を示した。ヘキソースは1.5%, シアル酸は0.8%, リンは0.2%, チッ素は14%程度であった。DEAEセルロースクロマトグラフィーによって分画される前後でアミノ酸組成には変化がなかったが, α_S-カゼイン安定化力は分画後増大する傾向にあった。κ-Caseins were prepared by the calcium ethanol method, the Sephadex method and the urea sulfuric acid method. Some important properties of κ-caseins were investigated using isoelectric focusing, starch gel electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation, chemical analysis, stabilizing test of α_S-casein, and rennin treatment. Isoelectric focusing established that κ-casein had its isoelectric point near pH6.0 in 6M urea, usually accompanied by a second peak around pH5.6. Ultracentrifugation, however, showed a single peak having a S_ value of 2.6-3.8 in the presence of 6M urea and of 14.4 in the absence of such dispersing reagents. Normal contents of hexose, sialic acid, phosphorus, and nitrogen were respectively about 1.5,0.8,0.2,and 14%. Relative patterns of amino acid composition were similar in all the κ-caseins. In addition, amino acid composition in intact κ-casein and in the further purified κ-casein which formed the second peak in DEAE cellulose chromatography were almost identical, indicating that the κ-casein of the first peak is not an impurity but is one of the components which formed the original κ-casein complexes. The ability of κ-caseins to stabilize α_S-casein in the presence of calcium increased when purified by DEAE cellulose chromatography

    Studies on κ-Casein of Bovine Milk V : Chemical modification of κ-casein (Agricultural Chemistry)

    Get PDF
    κ-カゼインのアミノ基, カルボキシル基, SH基, チロシン, トリプトフアン, リジン, セリン, ヒスチジン, アルギニン, およびメチオニンを種々の方法で化学修飾し, それらがα_S-カゼイン安定化作用に及ぼす影響について調べた。今回の修飾反応条件であるpH7∿9においてはκ-カゼインはじゅうぶんに解離していないため, 反応基がκ-カゼイン複合体の表面に位置しているかどうかによって反応速度, ひいては修飾率が大きく左右された。アミノ基とカルボキシル基を修飾するとほぼ完全に安定化作用が消失し, ヒスチジンとチロシンの修飾も顕著な安定化力低下をもたらした。また, 還元してより低分子化すると未修飾κ-カゼインより安定化力が高まった。その他のアミノ酸残基の修飾はα_S-カゼインの安定化にほとんど無関係であった。焦点電気泳動による分析で, 6M尿素中においてκ-カゼインの等電点がpH5より酸性側へ移ると急にα_S-カゼインに対する安定化作用が失われることが判明した。デンプンゲル電気泳動によりκ-カゼインの化学修飾は分子電荷のみならず分子の大きさも変化させることが判明し, 特にセリン, ヒステジンそれにチロシンを修飾したものは会合が進み, 他方アミノ基とSH基を修飾したκ-カゼインはより小さい分子へ解離した。κ-Casein was chemically modified in various ways. Modified groups include; NH_2 group, COOH group, tyrosine, tryptophan, lysine, SH group, serine, histidine, arginine and methionine. These groups and residues were not completely modified, probably because κ-casein was not dissociated into single molecules under the conditions used. Normally κ-casein has an S_ of about 14,which decreases to about 3 when dispersed by alkali or urea. Modification of NH_2 and COOH groups resulted in almost complete loss of the stabilization ability. Modification of histidine and tyrosine fairly well promoted a decrease in this function. Reduced κ-casein stabilized interestingly more α_S-casein than native κ-casein did. Modification of other amino acids had little effect on the stabilization ability. Results of isoelectric focusing indicate that κ-casein was unable to maintain its stabilization function when its isoelectric point in 6M urea moved toward acidic side beyond pH5.0. Six components of reduced κ-casein were clearly separated by isoelectric focusing in 6M urea. We observed that components with isoelectric points at the neutral side were most susceptible to modification. These components seem to occupy the surface of the κ-casein complex. Chemical modification was shown to result not only in changes in molecular charge, but in changes in molecular size

    Studies on κ-Casein of Bovine Milk IV : The binding of calcium to α_S-, and κ-casein (Agricultural Chemistry)

    Get PDF
    Caとカゼインとの反応をCa濃度0∿10mMの範囲で調べた。3mM濃度で沈殿し始めるα_S-カゼインはκ-カゼインによって完全に安定化された。一方, κ-カゼイン自身もCaの存在下で会合を起こし, 多分散状態が著るしくなったが, 沈殿はしなかった。Caが存在しない場合, κ-カゼインとα_S-カゼインのS_は各々14.4と1.8であったが, Ca濃度の増加と共に会合していく様子が超遠心分析とゲルろ過によって確認された。Caの存在下でα_S-カゼインは時間と共に会合度を増し, ついには沈殿するがα_S-κ-カゼイン複合体や, κ-カゼイン単独の場合は時間的変化が極めて緩慢であった。pH7と8におけるカゼインによるCaの吸着量を, Ca濃度1∿10mMの範囲で調べた。α_S-カゼインの沈殿に必要な吸着Ca量はカゼイン1モル当り約12モルであった。一般的にいって, Caとの反応でα_S-κ-カゼイン複合体のCa吸着能はα_S-, κ-カゼイン単独の場合の吸着能から推定されるより強かった。一方, κ-カゼインのCa吸着能は著るしく弱いことが明白となった。その他吸着の時間的変化についても調べた。Reactions between Ca and casein were investigated at various Ca concentrations ranging from 0 to 10mM. α_S-Casein began to precipitate at 3mM and was completely stabilized by κ-Casein tended to aggregate randomly in the presence of 5mM Ca. S_ values were 14.4 and 1.8 for κ-casein and α_S-casein, respectively, in the absence of Ca. Caseins were found in gel filtration to be brought into polymerization at such low Ca concentrations that no aggregated particles were visible. α_S-κ Complex did not grow as fast as α_S-casein did in the presence of Ca. The amounts of Ca bound to caseins were determined at pH7 and 8 in the presence of 1 to 10mM Ca using; equilibrium dialysis, gel filtration and centrifugation. The minimum amount of Ca necessary for the initiation of α_S-casein precipitation is posited to be about 12 moles per mole casein. Weak adsorption of Ca, due to some structural factor, was indicated since the amounts of bound Ca obtained by centrifugation were remarkably lower than those determined by the other two methods. The state of bound Ca were studied by gel filtration of ^Ca-caseinates with an eluant containing no Ca. More Ca was bound to the α_S-κ complex in the early stage of the reaction than to the same amount of α_S-casein only. But the amount of Ca bound to the complex did not vary with reaction time, while that bound to α_S-casein increased greatly, accompanied by the progress of polymerization. The intensity of Ca binding to κ-casein was so weak that only a small amount of Ca was eluted together with κ-casein in the gel filtration of Ca-κ-caseinate

    Studies on κ-Casein of Bovine Milk I : Purity of κ-casein prepared by several different methods (Agricultural Chemistry)

    Get PDF
    五種類のκ-カゼイン調製法を比較検討した結果, 収量の点では各方法とも酸カゼイン43gより2ないし3gで有意の差は認められなかった。一方, セファデックスゲルろ過とデンプンゲル電気泳動によって純度を比較したところMckejieらのカルシューム・エタノール法とYaguchiらのセファデックス法が好結果を与えた。しかし, 純度の点で問題のあったSwaisgoodらのTCA法, Zittleのの尿素硫酸法でも, 各々セファデックス処理を加えること, 酢酸アンモンによる沈殿形成時の温度条件を厳守することにより高純度のκ-カゼインを調製しうることを認めた。A comparison of five procedures for preparing κ-casein from the acid casein of bovine milk was made based on the criterion of purity using Sephadex gel filtration and starch gel electrophoresis. There were no significant differences in yields among the five procedures, by which two to three grams of κ-casein were obtained from 43 grams of acid casein. But the κ-casein prepared using the calcium ethanol method described by Mckenjie and Wake or by the Sephadex method described by Yaguchi et al. was very pure. It was also shown that it is possible to prepare reasonably pure κ-casein using the trichloroacetic acid method, described by Swaisgood and Brunner, combined with Sephadex treatment, and using the urea sulfuric acid method described by Zittle and Custer when temperature was strictly controlled in the precipitation step of κ-casein by ammonium acetate

    Studies on κ-Casein of Bovine Milk VI : Reduced components and the α_S-casein stabilizing ability of succinylated κ-casein (Agricultural Chemistry)

    Get PDF
    Succinic anhydrideによってκ-カゼインのアミノ基を4.8∿93.2%修飾したサンプルを用いて, α_S-カゼイン安定化力, 構成成分の被修飾性, 等電点変化, 会合度変化, Caとの反応性を調べた。α_S-カゼイン安定化力は, 8.8%修飾までは変化なく, 15.9∿19.6%修飾で次第に低下し, 32.3%修飾で完全に消失した。このように最も反応性に富んだアミノ基がα_S-カゼイン安定化力に無関係である事実は, κ-カゼインのアミノ基は直接α_S-カゼインとのミセル形成に関係していないことを意味するものと考えられる。還元κ-カゼインの電気泳動の結果, κ-カゼイン構成成分のうち尿素中でpH6付近に等電点を持つ成分がpH5付近の成分より, より早く修飾されることが判明した。したがって, より中性側に等電点を持つ成分がκ-カゼインの表面構造を形成しているものと推定された。サクシニル化に伴なって等電点が酸性側へ移行し, 尿素中における等電点がα_S-カゼインのそれと同じpH5付近になると, Caとの反応性が低下し, α_S-カゼインを安定化する能力が完全に失なわれた。Amino groups of κ-casein were succinylated at pH8 to various degrees ranging from 4.8 to 93.2 percent. These modified κ-caseins were used for α_S-casein stabilizing test in the presence of 0.02M calcium chloride. The ability of κ-casein to stabilize α_S-casein did not change up to 8.8 percent succinylation, but decreased gradually as the modification reaction proceeded further until 32.3 percent succinylation, where the α_S-casein stabilizing ability of κ-casein completely disappeared. The initial succinylation of amino groups occurred on specific residues rather than in a random fashion among all the free residues. At pH8,the κ-casein components with isoelectric points at pH5.8 and 6.1 in 6M urea were, in the early stage of succinylation, modified more rapidly than the rest with isoelectric points on more acidic side. It indicates that the κ-casein components with their pIs around pH6 are located in the external hydrophilic region of κ-casein complex, and that they probably play important roles in the interaction with α_S-casein which brings about the stabilization of α_S-casein in the presence of calcium chloride. As previously reported, κ-casein lost its ability to stabilize α_S-casein when the isoelectric point moved to pH5.0-5.2,that of α_S-casein, in 6M urea as a result of succinylation

    The identification of a non-dialyzable proteinase inhibitor with the dialyzable from eggplant exocarps (Agricultural Chemistry)

    Get PDF
    ナスビ外皮より非透析性のプロテアーゼインヒビターを精製した。塩析, 熱処理, DEAE-セファデックスおよびゲル漏過を用いたが, 最初の段階を除いては, 透析は行わず, 脱塩はすべてダイヤファルターを用いた。このようにして精製したインヒビターは, その分子量, トリプシンやキモトリプシンに対する挙動, またアミノ酸組成の点からみて, 透析性およびアセチル化セルロースを透析に用いて精製したインヒビターと全く同じものであった。そしてナスビ外皮には主要なインヒビターとしては一種類しか存在しないことが明らかとなった。しかし分子量6000のインヒビターが, 未精製のとき, 何故, 透析膜中に残存するかは依然として不明である。Non-dialyzable proteinase inhibtor was purified from eggplant exocarp. The salting out, heat-treatment, DEAE-Sephadex and gel chromatographies were used, and the ultrafiltration was used instead of dialysis except first purification step. The molecular weight, inhibition behaviour for proteinases and amino acid composition were the same as those of purified inhibitor by the other methods. These results show that the non-dialyzable and dialyzable inhibitors are identical and only one kind of inhibitor exists in eggplant exocarp as the main inhibitor. However, the reason why the inhibitor of molecular weight of 6000 in crude stage remains in dialyzing tube, is still unclear

    精製ニワトリ・オボムコイドの焦点電気泳動(農芸化学部門)

    Get PDF
    鶏卵白から精製されたオボムコイドを焦点電気泳動法を用いて分画した。オボムコイドは等電点3.52,3.85,4.00,4.15,4.35および4.50の6成分に分画されたが, 脱フラビン・オボムコイドではpH 3.52のピークは認められなかった。オボムコイドの生物活性の一つであるトリプシン阻害活性はpI 3.52,3.85,4.00および4.15の各画分に認められたが, pI 4.35および4.50のピークには認められなかった。また逆に, フラビン結合能はpI 4.15,4.35および4.50の画分に存在し, それ以外のピークには認められなかった。なお本実験に用いた焦点電気泳動の装置は自作したものであるが, 再現性のある良好な結果が得られた。The purified chicken ovomucoid was further fractionated with the method of isoelectrofocusing. The ovomucoid was fractionated into six fractions having the pI value of 3.52,3.82,4.00,4.15,4.35 and 4.50. The peak of protein with the pI value of 3.52 was not detected in the deflavo-ovomucoid. The trypsin inhibitory activity which was considered to be one of the biological activity of ovomucoid was detected in the fractions of pI value of 3.52,3.85,4.00 and 4.15,and the proteins of pI value of 4.35 and 4.50 did not show the trypsin inhibitory activity. Contrary to the results above mentioned, the flavin binding activity occurred in the peaks of pI value of 4.15,4.35 and 4.50,and it was not observed in the other peaks. The apparatus for the isoelectrofocusing used in these experiments was designed and prepared in our laboratory. The satisfactory and reproducible results were obtained with these equipments

    Optical studies on the purified eggplant trypsin inhibitor (Agricultural Chemistry)

    Get PDF
    ナス果皮より均一に精製したトリプシン・インヒビターについてその光学的性質を検討した。各種pHにおいて, 紫外吸収スペクトルを測定したがpH 3.1から9.4の範囲では, チロシンおよびフェニールアラニン残基による同じスペルトルを示したが, pH 10以上ではチロシン残基のイオン化による著しい変化が認められた。またアミノ酸分析で確認されているようにトリプトフアンを含まないことは, 紫外吸収スペルトルからも明らかであった。275nmで励起した蛍光スペクトルが測定されたが, pH 3.1から9.4の範囲では蛍光強度は, ほゞ一定であり10以上で減少した。またCDスペクトルの測定結果はこのインヒビターが, ほとんどヘリックス構造やβ-構造を含まないことを示している

    The homogeneity of the purified dialysable proteinase inhibitor from eggplant exocarp (Agricultural Chemistry)

    Get PDF
    ナスビ果皮より単離精製されたトリプシン・インヒビターの均一性をセフアデックスG-50によるゲルロ過やデイスクおよびSDSポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動によって, しらべた。このインヒビター標品は完全に均一な蛋白質であることが判明した。またこのインヒビターはゲルロ過, SDSポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動および沈降平衡法によって, 分子量約6000であることが明らかになったが, この値は, 植物由来のインヒビターとして最小のものである。The homogeneity of the protein-like dialysable proteinase inhibitor purified from eggplant exocarp was investigated by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-50 and by disc and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses. These analyses showed this inhibitor preparation was homogeneous protein. The molecular weight of this inhibitor was estimated to be approximately 6000 by the methods of gel chromatography, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and equilibrium centrifugation
    corecore