Shear Resistance of Sands under Undrained Condition and Potential for Rapid Flow Phenomena by Means of Ring Shear Tests

長距離せんだんが可能なリングせん断試験および三軸圧縮試験において発揮される砂の非排水せん断挙動の解明を目的に, 細粒系さおよび風化火成岩資料を対象に実験を実施した。また, 排水時の摩擦係数と見かけの摩擦係数の比を「高速流動ポテンシャル」と定義した。リングせん断試験だけでなく三軸圧縮試験においても, せん断が進み試料中にせん断面が形成されると, 粒子に破砕が進行し間隙水圧が上昇するため, 高い高速流動現象ポテンシャルを示すことが示された。Shear resistance of two kinds of sands (fine silica and weathered granitic sands) mobilized within shear zone subjected to large shear displacement is examined. The undrained shear strengths at steady state of the specimens formed over the wide range of initial void ratios by ring shear tests are directly compared with those from the undrained triaxial compression tests. The steady state strengths in ring shear tests were smaller than those in triaxial compression tests due to grain crushing. While, small steady state strengths were observed by triaxial compression tests on dense fine silica sand in which there were clearshear surfaces and shear deformation must be concentrated on these surfaces to generate excess pore pressure. To express extent of apparent reduction of internal friction, the new parameter (Pf) was proposed as ratio of drained internal friction angle to apparent friction angle. Potential for rapid flow phenomena of employed two kinds of sands are clearly evaluated by Pf over the wide range of void ratio.長距離せんだんが可能なリングせん断試験および三軸圧縮試験において発揮される砂の非排水せん断挙動の解明を目的に,細粒系さおよび風化火成岩資料を対象に実験を実施した。また,排水時の摩擦係数と見かけの摩擦係数の比を「高速流動ポテンシャル」と定義した。リングせん断試験だけでなく三軸圧縮試験においても,せん断が進み試料中にせん断面が形成されると,粒子に破砕が進行し間隙水圧が上昇するため,高い高速流動現象ポテンシャルを示すことが示された。Shear resistance of two kinds of sands (fine silica and weathered granitic sands) mobilized within shear zone subjected to large shear displacement is examined. The undrained shear strengths at steady state of the specimens formed over the wide range of initial void ratios by ring shear tests are directly compared with those from the undrained triaxial compression tests. The steady state strengths in ring shear tests were smaller than those in triaxial compression tests due to grain crushing. While, small steady state strengths were observed by triaxial compression tests on dense fine silica sand in which there were clearshear surfaces and shear deformation must be concentrated on these surfaces to generate excess pore pressure. To express extent of apparent reduction of internal friction, the new parameter (Pf) was proposed as ratio of drained internal friction angle to apparent friction angle. Potential for rapid flow phenomena of employed two kinds of sands are clearly evaluated by Pf over the wide range of void ratio

Assessing Vegetation Resistace from Observed Temporal Water Surface Profiles of Flood Flows in Rivers

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

High-pressure synthesis and superconductivity of LaGe5 containing a tunnel germanium network

Superconducting LaGe5 was synthesized by the reaction of La and Ge mixtures under a pressure of 5 GPa at 1200°C. It crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Immm (No. 71) with a=4.0290(6), b =6.307(1), and c=9.978(2) Å, V=253.54(6) Å3, and Z=2. Single-crystal studies revealed that LaGe5 had a germanium network with tunnels running along the a axis, where La atoms are located. There are two crystallographically different Ge sites in the structure La[(Gel)4(Ge2)1]. The tunnel network is composed of folded sp3-Gel layers coupled by eight coordinated Ge2 atoms. Electrical resistivity and magnetic-susceptibility measurements showed that the compound was a type-II superconductor with a transition temperature of 7.0 K

INACTIVATION EFFECTS OF NEGATIVE PRESSURES BY A METAL BERTHELOT TECHNIQUE ON BACTERIA SOLUTIONS

Bacterial solutions are anticipated to be inactivated under absolute liquid negative pressures much lower in magnitude than positive ones. The pressures, however, have been hard to be produced by experiments because liquids form cavities easily through heterogeneous nucleation. To investigate the anticipation, solutions including two kinds of bacteria, namely Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, were exposed to negative pressures repeatedly by a metal Berthelot tube which was designed newly. Then, numbers of colonies in bacteria which were cultured by a paper strip method and an agar dilute plate one were counted. Numbers of colonies which underwent negative pressures were less than those for non-treatment, and reduction rates of colonies increased with numbers of repetition

NHC-catalyzed cleavage of vicinal diketones and triketones followed by insertion of enones and ynones

Thiazolium carbene-catalyzed reactions of 1,2-diketones and 1,2,3-triketones with enones and ynones have been investigated. The diketones gave α,β-double acylation products via unique Breslow intermediates isolable as acid salts, whereas the triketones formed stable adducts with the NHC instead of the coupling products

Systems analysis of inflammatory bowel disease based on comprehensive gene information

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The rise of systems biology and availability of highly curated gene and molecular information resources has promoted a comprehensive approach to study disease as the cumulative deleterious function of a collection of individual genes and networks of molecules acting in concert. These "human disease networks" (HDN) have revealed novel candidate genes and pharmaceutical targets for many diseases and identified fundamental HDN features conserved across diseases. A network-based analysis is particularly vital for a study on polygenic diseases where many interactions between molecules should be simultaneously examined and elucidated. We employ a new knowledge driven HDN gene and molecular database systems approach to analyze Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), whose pathogenesis remains largely unknown.</p> <p>Methods and Results</p> <p>Based on drug indications for IBD, we determined sibling diseases of mild and severe states of IBD. Approximately 1,000 genes associated with the sibling diseases were retrieved from four databases. After ranking the genes by the frequency of records in the databases, we obtained 250 and 253 genes highly associated with the mild and severe IBD states, respectively. We then calculated functional similarities of these genes with known drug targets and examined and presented their interactions as PPI networks.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results demonstrate that this knowledge-based systems approach, predicated on functionally similar genes important to sibling diseases is an effective method to identify important components of the IBD human disease network. Our approach elucidates a previously unknown biological distinction between mild and severe IBD states.</p

Nocturnal hypoxic stress activates invasive ability of monocytes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Backgrounds: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is known to be a risk factor of cardiovascular events. However, the precise mechanism has not been fully elucidated. OSAS-induced hypoxic stress may promote the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by monocytes, which has a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis. In addition, adhesion to the vascular endothelium and transendothelial migration of monocytes are considered to induce atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hypoxic stress on the invasive ability of monocytes in OSAS. Methods; Twenty-one male OSAS patients and 17 male healthy control subjects, age- and body mass index-matched, were enrolled. Venous blood samples were collected not only before and after sleep but also after CPAP titration for the purpose of monocyte isolation. The invasive ability of monocytes was evaluated by counting the number of invasive cells using a BD BioCoat Matrigel Invasion Chamber. Results; The number of cells which represents invasive ability was significantly higher in OSAS patients as compared to control subjects in the early morning (p<0.001). Invasive ability in the early morning was significantly elevated as compared to that before sleep in OSAS patients (p<0.001), and it was positively correlated with oxygen desaturation index (p<0.05). CPAP titration led to alleviation of the invasive ability (p<0.001). Conclusions; The results indicate that OSAS-induced hypoxic stress activates the invasive ability of monocytes, and that this phenomenon observed during sleep may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis in OSAS.The definitive version is available at " http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01540.x "アジア太平洋呼吸器学会（APSR：Asia Pacific Society of Respirology）第1回最優秀論文賞「Fukuchi Award」受賞論

Classifying breast masses in volumetric whole breast ultrasound data: a 2.5-dimensional approach

The aim of this paper is to investigate a 2.5-dimensional approach in classifying masses as benign or malignant in volumetric anisotropic voxel whole breast ultrasound data. In this paper, the term 2.5-dimensional refers to the use of a series of 2-dimensional images. While mammography is very effective in breast cancer screening in general, it is less sensitive in detecting breast cancer in younger women or women with dense breasts. Breast ultrasonography does not have the same limitation and is a valuable adjunct in breast cancer detection. The current study focuses on a new 2.5-dimensional approach in analyzing the volumetric whole breast ultrasound data for mass classification

慢性閉塞性肺疾患患者における骨塩量の分布と体重および運動能との関連

Background: Although low bone mineral density is highly prevalent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the distribution of the reduced bone mass has not been fully elucidated. Objectives: To determine regional bone mass loss in patients with COPD and investigate whether the change in distribution may be associated with body weight loss and functional capacity. Methods: Body mass index (BMI) was assessed, and height squared indices were derived for the bone mineral content index (BMCI) of the arms, legs and trunk by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 45 male patients with COPD and 12 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Pulmonary function tests were performed, and maximal oxygen uptake (V·O2max) was measured. Results: The BMCI was lower in the total bone, legs and trunk of patients with COPD than in control subjects, although the BMCI in the arms was similar between the groups. BMI correlated significantly with the BMCI in all 3 segments. Bone mineral content (BMC) in the trunk, expressed as a percentage of total BMC (BMC trunk/total BMC), correlated significantly with BMI. The BMCI in the trunk was closely related with V·O2max but not with airflow limitation. Conclusions: There was a regional difference in BMC reduction, but a predominant reduction of bone mass in the trunk was not associated with the severity of airflow limitation but rather with body weight loss and exercise intolerance. These data suggest that body weight loss and exercise intolerance are important risk factors for vertebral fracture in patients with COPD.博士（医学）・乙第1341号・平成26年7月22日The definitive version is available at " http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000355095