A Case Study on Mechanical Power Output and Physiological Intensity during High Intensity Intermittent Exercise by Collegiate Wrestlers

J-GLOBAL ID : 201301090685531402J-GLOBAL ID : 201801009314123820J-GLOBAL ID : 202101004237845144The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in mechanical power and physiological intensity during high intensity intermittent exercise on a bicycle ergometer by wrestlers of different performance levels. Three members of a collegiate wrestling team participated in (1) incremental load test to determine aerobic work capacity (VO_2max), (2) a maximal anaerobic power test and a 90 second Wingate test to determine anaerobic work capacity, and (3) high intensity intermittent exercise (20 sec × 8 sets, 170% VO_2max) on a bicycle ergometer. Bicycle ergometer was used for all the tests. Mechanical power output, oxygen uptake, and heart rate were measured during all tests. Oxygen uptake and heart rate were recorded over time during the recovery period only after the completion of high intensity intermittent exercise. As a result, the ratio of power output of each athlete was calculated. Athlete A was able to perform at least 100% until the third set, B the fourth set, and C the third set. The average power of A (6.3 W/kg) and B (5.7 W/kg) tended to be higher than that of C (4.3 W/kg). Athlete B (9.6 ml/kg/min) had the lowest oxygen uptake at 2 min post-exercise, while A (12.8 ml/kg/min) and C (12.8 ml/kg/min) showed no significant differences. Athletes with superior anaerobic and aerobic work capacity among wrestlers did not exhibit higher mechanical power output during high intensity intermittent exercise, and athletes with superior wrestling athletic performance tended to have smaller repetitions of high intensity intermittent exercise and smaller reduction rates during exercise.1520860078896017792application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Effect of the back plate positioning for start time performances for 5m and 10m distances in swimming kick start

J-GLOBAL ID : 202201012804701108J-GLOBAL ID : 202301019486094800J-GLOBAL ID : 200901085265547080J-GLOBAL ID : 202101004237845144The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects in the lower hip angle in different back plate positions has on the times of the 5 m and 10 m of a swim start. Seven male Japanese swimmers including national level athletes were selected as subjects. Each swimmer participated in three back plate positions；each dive using a different back plate position and recordings of time from the start to 15m were made. 10 motion captured systems were used to capture kinematics data, and two video cameras measured the time at each passing point. The results of this study showed that the 10m time was significantly shorter in the order of Front, Prefer, and Back. There was no difference in the take-off horizontal velocity, but the 10m time resulted to be shorter when the take-off angle was higher. The farther the distance between the back plate, the larger rear foot hip angle at the kick start stance of the start, and the earlier the start of extension of each joint angle. It is considered that this makes it easier to raise the upper body, which enables horizontal movement and increases the speed of the 10m time.1520860078898196096application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Reaction Times of The Gyaku- and Kizami- tsuki in female collegiate karate athletes : Analysis from ground reaction forces and kinematics

J-GLOBAL ID : 201101073728331279J-GLOBAL ID : 201801007052633411J-GLOBAL ID : 202201012804701108J-GLOBAL ID : 201801009314123820J-GLOBAL ID : 202101004237845144The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematics and kinetics of how karate players respond to LED light stimuli and opponents when performing kizami- and gyaku-tsuki. The effects of the distance between the attacker and the opponent, and the differences in event types and levels on the reaction time were also examined. Thirteen female university student karate athletes （kumite international level：n＝2, kumite college level：n＝6, kata：n＝5） participated in this study. Fourteen motion capture cameras and three force plates were used to record kizami-tsuki and gyaku-tsuki movements to LED light stimuli and the opponent. Kinetics and kinematics analysis showed no difference in reaction time to LED light stimuli among kumite, kata, and competition levels, but international level kumite athletes tended to have the shorter reaction time to opponent's movements. In conclusion, our results suggest that international-level kumite players have an excellent ability to predict and judge the movements of their opponents.1520297128939472640application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Treatment of near-infrared photodynamic therapy using a liposomally formulated indocyanine green derivative for squamous cell carcinoma.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a less invasive option for cancer treatment that has evolved through recent developments in nanotechnology. We have designed and synthesized a novel liposome system that includes an indocyanine green (ICG) derivative, ICG-C18, in its bilayer. In addition to its use as an optical imager to visualize blood, lymphatic, and bile flow, ICG has also been used as an optical sensitizer. In the present report, we evaluate the use of our novel liposome system, LP-ICG-C18, in PDT for squamous cell carcinoma in an autologous murine model.An excitation pulse beam (300 μJ/pulse) of a single band (800 nm) was used for sensitization. The cytotoxicity of the photodynamic therapy was evaluated in terms of cellular morphology changes, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay results, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. We tested the enhanced permeability and retention effect of LP-ICG-C18 in tumor-bearing C3H/He mice using a near-infrared fluorescence imaging system and fluorescence microscopy. We also examined the antitumor effect of PDT by measuring tumor volume in tumor-bearing mice.Cell death and apoptosis were only observed in the PDT group receiving LP-ICG-C18. LP-ICG-C18 itself had no cytotoxic activity and showed good biocompatibility. LP-ICG-C18 accumulated on the tumor 24 hours after injection and was retained for approximately 3 weeks. Tumor cell apoptosis following PDT with LP-ICG-C18 was also observed under optical microscopy, MTT assay, and TUNEL staining.These findings suggest that LP-ICG-C18 may be an effective intervening material in PDT for malignant disease

What Kind of Capsule Endoscope Is Suitable for a Controllable Self-Propelling Capsule Endoscope? Experimental Study Using a Porcine Stomach Model for Clinical Application (with Videos)

<div><p>Background</p><p>We have been developing the Self-Propelling Capsule Endoscope (SPCE) that allows for controllability from outside of the body and real-time observation. What kind of capsule endoscope (CE) is suitable for a controllable SPCE is unclear and a very critical point for clinical application. We compared observing ability of three kinds of SPCEs with different viewing angles and frame rates.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Eleven buttons were sewed in an excised porcine stomach. Four examiners controlled the SPCE using PillCamSB2, -ESO2, and -COLON2 (Given Imaging Ltd., Israel), for 10 minutes each with the aim of detecting as many buttons and examining them as closely as possible. The ability to find lesions was assessed based on the number of detected buttons. The SPCE-performance score (SPS) was used to evaluate the ability to examine the lesions in detail.</p><p>Results</p><p>The SPCE-ESO2, -COLON2, and -SB2 detected 11 [interquartile range (IQR): 0], 10.5 (IQR, 0.5), and 8 (IQR, 1.0) buttons, respectively. The SPCE-ESO2 and -COLON2 had a significantly better ability to detect lesions than the -SB2 (p < 0.05). The SPCE-ESO2, -COLON2, and -SB2 had significantly different SPS values of 22 (IQR, 0), 16.5 (IQR, 1.5), and 14 (IQR, 1.0), respectively (p < 0.05 for all comparisons; SPCE-SB2 vs. -ESO2, -SB2 vs. -COLON2, and -ESO2 vs. -COLON2).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>PillCamESO2 is most suitable in different three CEs for SPCE for examining lesions in detail of the stomach.</p></div

In total, 11 buttons with different colors were sewed to the mucosal side of the porcine stomach model.

<p>The image in the lower right panel is the stomach model, which was opened along the greater curvature after the experiment.</p

Driving system for the self-propelling capsule endoscope (SPCE), which uses a magnetic field (New MiniMermaid system).

<p>Driving system for the self-propelling capsule endoscope (SPCE), which uses a magnetic field (New MiniMermaid system).</p

(a) The body of a self-propelling capsule endoscope (SPCE). (b) A patient undergoes SPCE examination using the New MiniMermaid system. (c) The SPCE maneuver is conducted by a controller.

<p>(a) The body of a self-propelling capsule endoscope (SPCE). (b) A patient undergoes SPCE examination using the New MiniMermaid system. (c) The SPCE maneuver is conducted by a controller.</p

Examples of the images and their associated self-propelling capsule endoscope-performance scores.

<p>The score is the sum of the points given to each button as follows: 2 points were given if the buttons could be approached and observed closely; 1 point was given if the buttons came into view but could not be approached closely; and no points were given if the buttons could not be detected.</p

Image of resected tumor of mice in (A) HE staining, (B) Normal light image of fluorescence microscope, and (C) Fluorescence image of fluorescence microscope.

<p>Image of resected tumor of mice in (A) HE staining, (B) Normal light image of fluorescence microscope, and (C) Fluorescence image of fluorescence microscope.</p