CA9 and PRELID2; hypoxia-responsive potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma as per bioinformatics analyses

A strong hypoxic environment has been observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, which contributes to drug resistance, tumor progression, and metastasis. Therefore, we performed bioinformatics analyses to investigate potential targets for the treatment of PDAC. To identify potential genes as effective PDAC treatment targets, we selected all genes whose expression level was related to worse overall survival (OS) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and selected only the genes that matched with the genes upregulated due to hypoxia in pancreatic cancer cells in the dataset obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Although the extracted 107 hypoxia-responsive genes included the genes that were slightly enriched in angiogenic factors, TCGA data analysis revealed that the expression level of endothelial cell (EC) markers did not affect OS. Finally, we selected CA9 and PRELID2 as potential targets for PDAC treatment and elucidated that a CA9 inhibitor, U-104, suppressed pancreatic cancer cell growth more effectively than 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and PRELID2 siRNA treatment suppressed the cell growth stronger than CA9 siRNA treatment. Thus, we elucidated that specific inhibition of PRELID2 as well as CA9, extracted via exhaustive bioinformatic analyses of clinical datasets, could be a more effective strategy for PDAC treatment

<Original Papers>Adopting Traffic Locality on Secure P2P Streaming System

[Synopsis]Exchanging data on the Internet has been increasing as widespread adoption of broadband residential access and the advances in personal computer performances. Especially, video streaming services such as YouTube generate enormous amount of traffic. Peer-to-Peer streaming has become one of the most promising alternatives for distributing this type of media contents. P2P streaming offers content owner traffic load balancing mechanism and rapid deployment at low cost. However, some malicious attacks to disrupt P2P system have reported. And P2P itself has an inefficient traffic control problem. In this paper, we propose the P2P streaming system which can solve both two problems. Our approach is adopting traffic locality on existing secure P2P streaming system. We also show scalability analysis of our approach by simulations