Trajetória escolar: Investimento familiar e determinação de classe School Trajectory: Family investiment and class determination

Este estudo destaca elementos que indicam a possibilidade de ruptura da lógica da reprodução na trajetória escolar de alunos, cujas famílias pertencem a estratos médio-baixos e baixos da sociedade, residentes em bairros da periferia da Grande Vitória (ES). As evidências colhidas em entrevistas com familiares de tais alunos conjugadas a resultados de pesquisa de campo realizada na Escola Técnica Federal local, permitem enunciar que suas estratégias de investimento educacional se constróem aos poucos, pelo cultivo familiar dos pendores individuais inicialmente e, a seguir, segundo as possibilidades surgidas em um novo espaço de relações, que transcende as expectativas construídas no estrito círculo da família. Sugere-se, para a compreensão de tais processos, que, alternativamente ao conceito de habitus, proposto por Bourdieu, se considere o reconhecimento de uma articulação entre transação biográfica e transação relacional, segundo a fórmula utilizada por Dubar.<br>This study emphasizes some elements that show a possibility of breaking the reproduction logic in students' school trajectory in middle-low and low class families, living in peripherical areas of Greater Vitória (ES). Evidences collected through interviews with students' relatives and results from field research conducted in a local federal technical school, indicate that family-educational investment have been gradual, first to cultivate individual qualities, and afterwards, according to the possibilities that arise in a new space of relationships which transcend expectations of strict familiar circles. The author, to better understand these processes, suggests that the recognition of an articulation between biographical transaction and relationship transaction should be considered in accordance with the formula used by Dubar, as opposed to the concept of habitus proposed by Bourdieu

Chalcones identify cTXNPx as a potential antileishmanial drug target

With current drug treatments failing due to toxicity, low efficacy and resistance; leishmaniasis is a major global health challenge that desperately needs new validated drug targets. Inspired by activity of the natural chalcone 2’,6’-dihydroxy-4’-methoxychalcone (DMC), the nitro-analogue, 3-nitro-2’,4’,6’- trimethoxychalcone (NAT22, 1c) was identified as potent broad spectrum antileishmanial drug lead. Structural modification provided an alkyne containing chemical probe that labelled a protein within the parasite that was confirmed as cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase (cTXNPx). Crucially, labelling is observed in both promastigote and intramacrophage amastigote life forms, with no evidence of host macrophage toxicity. Incubation of the chalcone in the parasite leads to ROS accumulation and parasite death. Deletion of cTXNPx, by CRISPR-Cas9, dramatically impacts upon the parasite phenotype and reduces the antileishmanial activity of the chalcone analogue. Molecular docking studies with a homology model of in-silico cTXNPx suggest that the chalcone is able to bind in the putative active site hindering access to the crucial cysteine residue. Collectively, this work identifies cTXNPx as an important target for antileishmanial chalcones