Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

The botanical explorations of Thomas Nuttall in California

Volume: 13Start Page: 109End Page: 12

Ribes mescalerium, an undescribed currant from New Mexico and Texas

Volume: 13Start Page: 195End Page: 19

The Home of \u27\u27Botrychium pumicola\u27\u27

Volume: 28Start Page: 109End Page: 11

Ribes aureum and Ribes lentum

Volume: 15Start Page: 23End Page: 2

Bibliography of Hypoxis

Volume: 23Start Page: 206End Page: 20

Juncus marginatus and its varieties

Volume: 8Start Page: 121End Page: 12

Proposed Seed Collection of the U. S. National Herbarium

Volume: 19Start Page: 121End Page: 12