Overcoming Barriers to the National Produce Market: The Georgia Case

Agribusiness,

The Cholecystectomy As A Day Case (CAAD) score: a validated score of preoperative predictors of successful day-case cholecystectomy using the CholeS data set

Background: Day-case surgery is associated with significant patient and cost benefits. However, only 43% of cholecystectomy patients are discharged home the same day. One hypothesis is day-case cholecystectomy rates, defined as patients discharged the same day as their operation, may be improved by better assessment of patients using standard preoperative variables. Methods: Data were extracted from a prospectively collected data set of cholecystectomy patients from 166 UK and Irish hospitals (CholeS). Cholecystectomies performed as elective procedures were divided into main (75%) and validation (25%) data sets. Preoperative predictors were identified, and a risk score of failed day case was devised using multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to validate the score in the validation data set. Results: Of the 7426 elective cholecystectomies performed, 49% of these were discharged home the same day. Same-day discharge following cholecystectomy was less likely with older patients (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), higher ASA scores (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), complicated cholelithiasis (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.48), male gender (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.74), previous acute gallstone-related admissions (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.48–0.60) and preoperative endoscopic intervention (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.34–0.47). The CAAD score was developed using these variables. When applied to the validation subgroup, a CAAD score of ≤5 was associated with 80.8% successful day-case cholecystectomy compared with 19.2% associated with a CAAD score >5 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The CAAD score which utilises data readily available from clinic letters and electronic sources can predict same-day discharges following cholecystectomy

Bichos, Maricones and Pingueros An ethnographic study of 'maleness' and 'scarcity' in contemporary Socialist Cuba

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN030500 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Towards an Automated Methodology for Optically Cured, High Thickness Composite Polymer Pastes: An Iso-based Approach for Large Area Additive Manufacturing

Optically cured polymer composites can offer numerous advantages over thermally- processed composites. This is especially applicable with large beads generated using Large Area Additive Manufacturing (LAAM) extrusion. This paper proposes a low-cost, semi- automated, off-the-shelf desktop system to quickly and precisely cure 8 mm thick, glass-filled (di-)methacrylate composite specimens for three-point flexural testing. In the absence of a clear preparation method for specimens of this thickness, we integrate aspects of two existing ISO Standards: ISO 178:2019, and ISO 4049:2019, to provide a rapid and reliable basis for specimen preparation and flexure testing. We propose two distinct curing strategies and compare these in terms of the flexural performance of prepared specimens, and the total cure time. Flexural data is critical to understanding the structural performance of light-activated composite pastes; and the curing methodology can be applied to potential future technologies which involve high-speed in-situ curing, from direct part/feature repair to functional production.Mechanical Engineerin