SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION OF UMBUZEIRO ( Spondias tuberosa Arruda C\ue2mara) IN DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES AND SIZE OF BAGS

A esp\ue9cie Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam. (umbuzeiro) destaca-se como uma das esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas de maior potencial do semi\ue1rido brasileiro. Apesar de sua relevante import\ue2ncia socioecon\uf4mica e ambiental, h\ue1 falta de estudos voltados para o estabelecimento de um modelo de produ\ue7\ue3o de mudas da esp\ue9cie. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a produ\ue7\ue3o de mudas de Spondias tuberosa utilizando diferentes substratos e tamanho de recipientes. O experimento foi conduzido no viveiro do Laborat\uf3rio de Ecologia Vegetal (LEV) do Centro de Ci\ueancias Agr\ue1rias (CCA) da Universidade Federal da Para\uedba (UFPB), Areia - PB. O delineamento experimental usado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 7 e parcelas subdivididas, sendo que os recipientes representaram as parcelas e os substratos as subparcelas. Foram utilizados substratos formulados a partir da mistura de terra de subsolo (37,5-100%), areia lavada (12,5- 25%) e esterco bovino curtido (10-50%). Os recipientes utilizados foram sacos de polietileno preto com volumes de 1900 cm3 (15 x 27 cm) e 5000 cm3 (25 x 26 cm). Para a obten\ue7\ue3o das pl\ue2ntulas, sementes de Spondias tuberosa foram semeadas em sementeira de alvenaria at\ue9 a repicagem (90 dias ap\uf3s o semeio). Aos 78 dias, ap\uf3s a repicagem, as mudas foram avaliadas quanto \ue0 altura, di\ue2metro do colo, rela\ue7\ue3o altura/ di\ue2metro do colo, di\ue2metro do xilop\uf3dio, comprimento de raiz, massa seca da parte a\ue9rea e raiz. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos \ue0 an\ue1lise de vari\ue2ncia e ao teste F, sendo as m\ue9dias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao n\uedvel de 5% de probabilidade, utilizando o software SISVAR\uae. Os substratos com esterco bovino curtido proporcionaram os maiores valores em altura e comprimento de raiz. Para a produ\ue7\ue3o de mudas de Spondias tuberosa, \ue9 recomendado o substrato contendo terra de subsolo (45%) + Areia (15%) + Esterco bovino (40%).The species Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam. (umbuzeiro) stands out as one of the tree species with the greatest potential of the Brazilian semiarid. Even though it\u2019s significant socioeconomic and environmental importance, there is a lack of studies aimed at establishing a seedlings production model of this kind of plant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the production of seedlings Spondias tuberosa using different substrates and size of bags. The experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Plant Ecology Laboratory (LEV) from the Agrarian Sciences Center (CCA) of the Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Areia/ PB. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 2 x 7 and subdivided blocks containersplots and subplots substrates. It were used substrates formulated from the starting mixture of subsoil land (37.5-100%), sand (12.5-25%) and tanned cattle manure (10-50%). The containers used were black polyethylene bags with a volume of 1900 cm3 (15 x 27 cm) and 5000 cm3 (25 x 26 cm). To obtain seedlings of Spondias tuberosa seeds were sown in seed masonry until the transplant (90 days after sowing). At 78 days after transplanting the seedlings were evaluated for height, root collar diameter, relationship shoot/root collar diameter, xylopodium diameter, root length, dry weigh of shoot and root. The datas were subjected to analysis of variance and F test, measured and compared by Tukey test at 5% probability, using the software SISVAR\uae. The substrates with cattle manure provided higher values for height and root length. For the seedlings production of Spondias tuberosa, is recommended substrate subsoil land (45%) + sand (15%) + cattle manure (40%)

Discurso contra los iudios

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 2011Barbosa, III, p. 781, atribuye la obra a Vicente da Costa de Matos, y en p. 20 de prelim. consta: "El famoso lusitano Acosta, a su patria dio ..."Sign.: [calderón]-2[calderón]4, 3[calderón]2, A-Z4 ; 2A-2G4, a-e4Error de pag.: repite las p. 236 y 237Texto con apostillas marginalesPort. con esc. calc., "Jacintus Taberniel", del obispo de Valladolid Juan de Torres y Ossori

Baubles, Bangles, and Biotypes: A Critical Review of the use and Abuse of the Biotype Concept

Pest species of insects are notoriously prone to escape the weapons deployed in management efforts against them. This is particularly true in herbivorous insects. When a previously successful tactic fails the insect population has apparently adapted to it and is often considered to be a new or distinct entity, and given the non-formal category ‘biotype’. The entities falling under the umbrella term ‘biotype’ are not consistent either within or between biotypes, and their underlying genetic composition and origins, while generally unknown, are likely heterogeneous within and variable between biotypes. In some cases race or species may be more appropriate referents. Some examples of applications of the concept in the context of host plant resistance are discussed. It is argued here that the term ‘biotype’ and its applications are overly simplistic, confused, have not proved useful in current pest management, and lack predictive power for future management

Open, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted hepatectomy in resection of liver tumors : a non-systematic review.

Nas ?ltimas d?cadas, in?meros fatores transformaram as hepatectomias em opera??es mais seguras. A quimioterapia, juntamente com novas drogas para o tratamento de met?stases propiciaram melhores respostas, o que possibilitou a indica??o cir?rgica em pacientes que inicialmente n?o eram candidatos a ela. Les?es hep?ticas muitas vezes requerem ressec??o, que pode ser realizada tanto por laparotomia, por videolaparoscopia ou assistida por plataforma rob?tica.Several factors have made hepatectomy an increasingly safe surgery and new drugs allowed surgical treatment for patients who initially were not candidates for resection. Lesions often require resection, which can be performed by open, laparoscopic, or robotic assisted hepatectomy

Quantitative image analysis for the characterization of microbial aggregates in biological wastewater treatment : a review

Quantitative image analysis techniques have gained an undeniable role in several fields of research during the last decade. In the field of biological wastewater treatment (WWT) processes, several computer applications have been developed for monitoring microbial entities, either as individual cells or in different types of aggregates. New descriptors have been defined that are more reliable, objective, and useful than the subjective and time-consuming parameters classically used to monitor biological WWT processes. Examples of this application include the objective prediction of filamentous bulking, known to be one of the most problematic phenomena occurring in activated sludge technology. It also demonstrated its usefulness in classifying protozoa and metazoa populations. In high-rate anaerobic processes, based on granular sludge, aggregation times and fragmentation phenomena could be detected during critical events, e.g., toxic and organic overloads. Currently, the major efforts and needs are in the development of quantitative image analysis techniques focusing on its application coupled with stained samples, either by classical or fluorescent-based techniques. The use of quantitative morphological parameters in process control and online applications is also being investigated. This work reviews the major advances of quantitative image analysis applied to biological WWT processes.The authors acknowledge the financial support to the project PTDC/EBB-EBI/103147/2008 and the grant SFRH/BPD/48962/2008 provided by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal)