Crosswalking or jaywalking? the visualization of linked scientific and humanities data

A critical aspect of shared data is using an easily accessible interface that is interoperable across a wide range of heritage institutions. An innovative approach to heritage science, where data is generated about the materiality of heritage materials, is linking this data back to a visual rendering of the heritage material to begin a process of linked data and integration between science and humanities. Using the International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF), the shared canvas data model is being expanded for integrating linked scientific analyses to this digital surrogate. There are challenges with this approach for spectral imaging data due to the additional required layers of metadata in the spectral, spatial and temporal modes, which need to be consistent, and persistent, across sets of canvases

Comparing the effectiveness of hyperspectral imaging and Raman spectroscopy:A case study on Armenian manuscripts

Additional file 1. Additional Figures S1–S5 and Tables S1, S2

Systematic review and meta-analysis of immunohistochemical prognostic biomarkers in resected oesophageal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is one of the fastest rising malignancies with continued poor prognosis. Many studies have proposed novel biomarkers but, to date, no immunohistochemical markers of survival after oesophageal resection have entered clinical practice. Here, we systematically review and meta-analyse the published literature, to identify potential biomarkers. METHODS: Relevant articles were identified via Ovid medline 1946–2013. For inclusion, studies had to conform to REporting recommendations for tumor MARKer (REMARK) prognostic study criteria. The primary end-point was a pooled hazard ratio (HR) and variance, summarising the effect of marker expression on prognosis. RESULTS: A total of 3059 articles were identified. After exclusion of irrelevant titles and abstracts, 214 articles were reviewed in full. Nine molecules had been examined in more than one study (CD3, CD8, COX-2, EGFR, HER2, Ki67, LgR5, p53 and VEGF) and were meta-analysed. Markers with largest survival effects were COX-2 (HR=2.47, confidence interval (CI)=1.15–3.79), CD3 (HR=0.51, 95% CI=0.32–0.70), CD8 (HR=0.55, CI=0.31–0.80) and EGFR (HR=1.65, 95% CI=1.14–2.16). DISCUSSION: Current methods have not delivered clinically useful molecular prognostic biomarkers in OAC. We have highlighted the paucity of good-quality robust studies in this field. A genome-to-protein approach would be better suited for the development and subsequent validation of biomarkers. Large collaborative projects with standardised methodology will be required to generate clinically useful biomarkers