β1 integrins regulate mammary gland proliferation and maintain the integrity of mammary alveoli

Integrin–extracellular matrix interactions play important roles in the coordinated integration of external and internal cues that are essential for proper development. To study the role of β1 integrin in the mammary gland, Itgβ1(flox/flox) mice were crossed with WAPiCre transgenic mice, which led to specific ablation of β1 integrin in luminal alveolar epithelial cells. In the β1 integrin mutant mammary gland, individual alveoli were disorganized resulting from alterations in cell–basement membrane associations. Activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was also decreased in mutant mammary glands. Luminal cell proliferation was strongly inhibited in β1 integrin mutant glands, which correlated with a specific increase of p21(Cip1) expression. In a p21(Cip1) null background, there was a partial rescue of BrdU incorporation, providing in vivo evidence linking p21(Cip1) to the proliferative defect observed in β1 integrin mutant glands. A connection between p21(Cip1) and β1 integrin as well as FAK was also established in primary mammary cells. These results point to the essential role of β1 integrin signaling in mammary epithelial cell proliferation

Completitude das notificações de violência perpetrada contra adolescentes em Pernambuco, Brasil

The scope of this study was to analyze the trend of completeness of the data on violence perpetrated against adolescents registered in the State of Pernambuco between 2009 and 2012. This involved a cross-sectional survey of 5,259 adolescents, who were the victims of violence reported in SINAN-VIVA of the Pernambuco State Health Department. Simple linear regression was used to investigate the trend of completeness of the variables. The percentages of completeness were considered to be dependent variables (Y) and the number of years as independent variables (X). The results show a significant increase of 204% in the number of notifications. However, of the 34 variables analyzed, 27 (79.4%) showed a stationary trend, 6 (17.6%) a downward trend, and only one variable (2.9%) an upward trend. Completeness was considered ‘Very Poor’ for the variables: Education (47.3%), Full Address (21.3%), Occurrence Time (38%) and Use of Alcohol by the Attacker (47%). Therefore, despite the large increase in the number of notifications, data quality continued to be compromised, hampering a more realistic analysis of this group.O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a tendência da completitude dos dados de violência perpetrada contra adolescentes registrados em Pernambuco, em 2009-2012. Estudo transversal, com 5.259 adolescentes vítimas de violência notificadas no SINAN-VIVA da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Pernambuco. Utilizou regressão linear simples para investigar a tendência de completitude das variáveis. Os percentuais de completitude foram considerados como variáveis dependentes (Y) e os anos da série, como independentes (X). Os resultados mostram um incremento significativo de 204% no número de notificações. Porém, das 34 variáveis analisadas, 27 (79,4%) apresentaram tendência Estacionária, 6 (17,6%) Decrescente e apenas uma (2,9%) Crescente. A completitude foi considerada ‘Muito Ruim’ para as variáveis: Escolaridade (47,3%), Complemento (21,3%), Hora da Ocorrência (38,0%) e Uso de Álcool Pelo Agressor (47,0%). Portanto, apesar do grande incremento no numero de notificações, a qualidade dos dados permaneceu comprometida, dificultando uma análise mais realista neste grupo

Updates on radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations: Proceedings of 6th annual ImmunoRad conference.

Focal radiation therapy (RT) has attracted considerable attention as a combinatorial partner for immunotherapy (IT), largely reflecting a well-defined, predictable safety profile and at least some potential for immunostimulation. However, only a few RT-IT combinations have been tested successfully in patients with cancer, highlighting the urgent need for an improved understanding of the interaction between RT and IT in both preclinical and clinical scenarios. Every year since 2016, ImmunoRad gathers experts working at the interface between RT and IT to provide a forum for education and discussion, with the ultimate goal of fostering progress in the field at both preclinical and clinical levels. Here, we summarize the key concepts and findings presented at the Sixth Annual ImmunoRad conference

Patterns of size and fate relationships of contiguous organs in the apple (Malus domestica) crown

Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699International audienc