The Relationships in Marketing: Contribution of a Historical Perspective

This paper presents an historical analysis of relationship marketing. We discuss the roots and the directions of relationship marketing that are considered relevant: their origins, the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing group (IMP) approach to business relationships, the Nordic approach to services relationships and, the managerial and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) approach of relationship marketing. The paper highlights that the boundaries of relationship marketing as defined in contemporary literature have been permeable and elastic. Relationship marketing consists of a fragmented collection of different approaches, partly independent partly overlapping, inspired by different theories, with a multitude of aggregation levels and several units of analysis. We clarify the scope of this domain and we present a number of critical issues that remain unresolved. Is the concept of relationship marketing ubiquitous and can it be applied to every context? Are relationships alike whatever the market considered? Do they describe the same phenomena or are they different phenomena resulting from different contexts? We present a historical analysis of relationships marketing that could contribute to a better understanding of what relationships are in marketing.relationships, business-to-business relationships, relationship marketing, CRM

Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey

Massive evolved stars in transition phases, such as Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs), B[e] Supergiants (B[e]SGs), and Yellow Hypergiants (YHGs), are not well understood, and yet crucial steps in determining accurate stellar and galactic evolution models. The circumstellar environments of these stars reveal their mass-loss history, identifying clues to both their individual evolutionary status and the connection between objects of different phases. Here we present a survey of 25 such evolved massive stars (16 B[e]SGs, 6 LBVs, 2 YHGs, and 1 Peculiar Oe star), observed in the K-band with the Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observation in the Near-Infrared (SINFONI; R = 4500) on the ESO VLT UT4 8 m telescope. The sample can be split into two categories based on spectral morphology: one group includes all of the B[e]SGs, the Peculiar Oe star, and two of the LBVs, while the other includes the YHGs and the rest of the LBVs. The difference in LBV spectral appearance is due to some objects being in a quiescent phase and some objects being in an active or outburst phase. CO emission features are found in 13 of our targets, with first time detections for MWC 137, LHA 120-S 35, and LHA 115-S 65. From model fits to the CO band heads, the emitting regions appear to be detached from the stellar surface. Each star with ^12CO features also shows ^13CO emission, signaling an evolved nature. Based on the level of ^13C enrichment, we conclude that many of the B[e]SGs are likely in a pre-Red Supergiant phase of their evolution. There appears to be a lower luminosity limit of log L/L_solar = 5.0 below which CO is not detected. The lack of CO features in several high luminosity B[e]SGs and variability in others suggests that they may in fact be LBV candidates, strengthening the connection between these two very similar transition phases.Comment: 20 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication in A&

Caracterização genética de rizóbios nativos dos tabuleiros costeiros eficientes em culturas do guandu e caupi.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar geneticamente sete estirpes de rizóbios nativos dos tabuleiros costeiros de Sergipe com alta eficiência de fixação biológica do N2 em associação com guandu (Cajanus cajan) e caupi (Vigna unguiculata). A amplificação do DNA pela técnica de PCR (polymerase chain reaction) com o oligonucleotídeo específico BOX indicou um grau elevado de diversidade genética, uma vez que todas as estirpes apresentaram perfis únicos de DNA. A análise por BOX-PCR revelou, ainda, que essa metodologia é eficiente para diferenciar estirpes, mas não para a diferenciação de espécies de rizóbio. Pela técnica do RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) da região do DNA que codifica o gene 16S rRNA e da região intergênica entre os genes 16S e 23S rRNA, com cinco enzimas de restrição, bem como pelo seqüenciamento parcial da região do 16S rRNA, foi possível classificar as estirpes nos gêneros Bradyrhizobium e Rhizobium. Houve coerência entre as análises envolvendo a região do 16S rRNA, mas o agrupamento com uma das estirpes diferiu pela análise do espaço intergênico. Os resultados obtidos com a estirpe R11 indicam variabilidade genética elevada em relação às espécies de rizóbios descritas, inclusive diferindo em diversas bases da região do 16S rRNA, e podem indicar uma nova espécie

FM 047-02: a collisional pair of galaxies with a ring

Aims. We investigate the nature of the galaxy pair FM 047-02, which has been proposed as an archetype of the Solitaire types of peculiar (collisional) ring galaxies. Methods. The study is based on long-slit spectrophotometric data in the range of 3500-9500 angstrons obtained with the Gemini Multi-ObjectComment: 07 pages, 06 figures, 02 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1206.071

Dinâmica do nitrogênio no solo em áreas de cerrado e de pastagens cultivadas no Pantanal Sul Mato-Grossense.

Um estudo foi conduzido em fazenda do Pantanal Sul Mato-Grossense, visando avaliar as alteracoes nas taxas de mineralizacao de N e nitrificacao liquidas no solo, em consequencia do desmatamento e implantacao de pastagens cultivadas. Foram tomadas dez amostras de solo compostas, em seis epocas a partir da semeadura da graminea, analisados os teores de amonia e nitrato, e calculadas as taxas de mineralizacao e nitrificacao. Os resultados mostraram que o desmatamento e implantacao de pastagem provocou alteracoes significativas na dinamica do nitrogenio do solo, com conteudos menores de amonia e maiores de nitrato, e menores taxas de mineralizacao e nitrificacao liquidas no solo das areas sob pastagem em relacao ao solo das areas sob cerrado nativo.bitstream/item/37440/1/BP13.pd

Mudança de uso do solo e estoques de carbono no Pantanal: simulação utilizando o modelo Century.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo parametrizar e validar o modelo CENTURY na simulação dos estoques de carbono orgânico do solo (COS), na camada 0-20 cm, sob vegetação nativa de cerrado e suas alterações pela substituição por pastagens cultivadas, no Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense.bitstream/item/79830/1/BP101.pd