Candidemia neonatal, em hospital público do Mato Grosso do Sul Neonatal candidemia in a public hospital in Mato Grosso do Sul

O objetivo de nosso estudo foi realizar tipagem molecular de 25 amostras clínicas de Candida spp, isoladas de crianças com candidemia, internadas na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal de um Hospital Universitário entre 1998 a 2006. Dados demográficos e clínicos foram obtidos de prontuários para conhecimento dos aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos. Identificação das leveduras foi feita por método convencional e a susceptibilidade antifúngica por método de microdiluição. O perfil genético foi determinado pela técnica de RAPD-PCR. Candida albicans (11; 44%) e Candida parapsilosis (10; 40%) foram as mais isoladas. Dezessete (68%) dos recém-nascidos tinham peso inferior a 1.500g. Prematuridade (92%), uso de cateter venoso central (100%), foram as condições de risco mais associados. Dezenove (76%) pacientes foram a óbito. Apenas uma cepa de Candida parapsilosis, mostrou ser sensível dose dependente ao fluconazol. Na análise molecular, foram observados 11 padrões genéticos distintos. Somente em dois casos foi observada relação epidemiológica, sugerindo mesma fonte de infecção.<br>The aim of our study was to perform molecular typing on 25 clinical samples of Candida spp that were isolated from children with candidemia who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital between 1998 and 2006. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the medical records to ascertain the clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Yeast identification was done using conventional methods and susceptibility to antifungals was assessed using a microdilution method. The genetic profile was determined using the RAPD-PCR technique. Candida albicans (11; 44%) and Candida parapsilosis (10; 40%) were the species most frequently isolated. Seventeen (68%) of the newborns weighed less than 1,500g. Prematurity (92%) and use of a central venous catheter (100%) were the risk conditions with greatest association. Nineteen patients (76%) died. Only one strain of Candida parapsilosis showed dose-dependent sensitivity to fluconazole. Molecular analysis showed 11 distinct genetic patterns. An epidemiological relationship was seen in only two cases, thus suggesting the same source of infection

The Patagonian Fossil Lizards

The squamates constitute a significant part of the present-day South American herpetofauna, being their fossils a crucial evidence for understanding the origin and evolution of the main clades. The fossil record of squamates in Patagonia is still scarce but it represents one of the most prolific of entire South America. An updated systematic review of the available information of Patagonian fossil lizards is summarized in this chapter. The oldest lizards of Patagonia are found as back as the Upper Cretaceous and include materials referred to two of the most diverse extant clades: Iguania and Scincomorpha. Palaeocene and Eocene interestingly do not provide any lizard specimen from this region. The record reappeared in the Late Oligocene with iguanians. A significant increasing of materials is revealed later in the Neogene. Early Miocene lizards include the first appearance of extant species (the iguanids Liolaemus and Pristidactylus, and the teiids Tupinambis and Callopistes). Late Early Miocene deposits provide materials of Pristidactylus and Tupinambis, whereas an indeterminate tupinambine of the Mid-Miocene is the youngest Neogene record of a lizard in Patagonia. Palaeoclimatic changes affected the distributional patterns of lizards in Patagonia, restricting the distribution of Pristidactylus and Tupinambis which, during the Miocene, reached localities southern than at present. The uplift of the austral Andean cordillera would have been decisive for the diversification of Liolaemus and Pristidactylus at both sides the Andes, whereas the trans-Andean teiid Callopistes had a widespread distribution in the past, reaching the Pampean Region and Patagonia, in Argentina.Fil: Albino, Adriana Maria. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentin