Peningkatan Minat Belajar Pada Mata Pelajaran Ipa Melalui Strategi Pembelajaran Scramble Pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN 02 Tegalgiri Tahun Ajaran 2014/2015

This study aims to improve the ability of learning interest in science subjects through Scramble strategy in the fourth grade students of SD Negeri 02 Tegalgiri. The research is a PTK, the subject of his research is the teachers and students. Techniques of collecting data using interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis technique used is an interactive model that has three components: data reduction, exposure data and inference. The results showed an increase in student interest after the action was held classes using Scramble strategy. It can be seen from the increase in the aspect indicator of interest, namely (a). Meticulous in studying the initial conditions of 30.77%, in the first cycle increased to 46.15%, in the second cycle increased to 70.22%, (b). Interested in the subject in the initial conditions of 38.46%, the first cycle increased to 57.68%, in the second cycle increased to 80.76%, (c). Concentration in learning in the initial conditions of 30.77%, the first cycle increased to 42.30%, in the second cycle increased to 70.23%, (d). Involvement in learning the initial condition of 46.15%, the first cycle increased to 61.53%. In the second cycle increased to 76.92%. Thus it can be seen that learning science using scramble strategies can increase the interest of students of class IV SDN 02 Tegalgiri the academic year 2014/2015. Keywords : interest in learning , strategies Scramble

Food Use and Health Effects of Soybean and Sunflower Oils

This review provides a scientific assessment of current knowledge of health effects of soybean oil (SBO) and sunflower oil (SFO). SBO and SFO both contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (60.8 and 69%, respectively), with a PUFA:saturated fat ratio of 4.0 for SBO and 6.4 for SFO. SFO contains 69% C18:2n-6 and less than 0.1% C18:3n-3, while SBO contains 54% C18:2n-6 and 7.2% C18:3n-3. Thus, SFO and SBO each provide adequate amounts of C18:2n-6, but of the two, SBO provides C18:3n-3 with a C18:2n-6:C18:3n-3 ratio of 7.1. Epidemiological evidence has suggested an inverse relationship between the consumption of diets high in vegetable fat and blood pressure, although clinical findings have been inconclusive. Recent dietary guidelines suggest the desirability of decreasing consumption of total and saturated fat and cholesterol, an objective that can be achieved by substituting such oils as SFO and SBO for animal fats. Such changes have consistently resulted in decreased total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, which is thought to be favorable with respect to decreasing risk of cardiovascular disease. Also, decreases in high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol have raised some concern. Use of vegetable oils such as SFO and SBO increases C18:2n-6, decreases C20:4n-6, and slightly elevated C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 in platelets, changes that slightly inhibit platelet generation of thromboxane and ex vivo aggregation. Whether chronic use of these oils will effectively block thrombosis at sites of vascular injury, inhibit pathologic platelet vascular interactions associated with atherosclerosis, or reduce the incidence of acute vascular occlusion in the coronary or cerebral circulation is uncertain. Linoleic acid is needed for normal immune response, and essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency impairs B and T cell-mediated responses. SBO and SFO can provide adequate linoleic acid for maintenance of the immune response. Excess linoleic acid has supported tumor growth in animals, an effect not verified by data from diverse human studies of risk, incidence, or progression of cancers of the breast and colon. Areas yet to be investigated include the differential effects of n-6- and n-3-containing oil on tumor development in humans and whether shorter-chain n-3 PUFA of plant origin such as found in SBO will modulate these actions of linoleic acid, as has been shown for the longer-chain n-3 PUFA of marine oil

Reactivities of the Sulphydryl Groups of Horse (Equus caballus) Haemoglobin

The kinetics of the reaction of Ellman’s reagent with CysF9[93]β sulphydryl group of the horse haemoglobins were studied at neutral and physiological pH (6.8 7.6) ranges under pseudo first order conditions. The reaction is of first order with respect to the DTNB concentration in each plot. The reactions are pH dependent of the observed rate constant gave a complex trend. The observed rate shows that at neutral pH, the presence of inositol hexakisphosphate (inositol-P6) increases the pseudo first order rate constant. For the first time, inositol-P6 increases kF and kR at neutral pH values by increasing Krt3. The Krt3 for the haemoglobin without inositol-P6 gave the value of 0.138 ± 0.1 while the haemoglobin in the presence of inositol-P6 gave the Krt3 value of 0.325 ± 0.2. The results show that inositol-P6 increases the relative population of the t tertiary conformation. So, it increases the reactivity of CysF9[93]β by changing the relative distribution of two protein conformations

GARP controls the production of latent TGF-beta by human regulatory T cells

GARP is a transmembrane protein present on stimulated human regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs), but not on other T lymphocytes (Th cells). It presents the latent form of TGF-ß1 on the Treg surface. We report here that GARP favors the cleavage of the pro-TGF-ß1 precursor and increases the amount of secreted latent TGF-ß1. Stimulated Tregs and GARP-transfected Th cells secrete latent TGF-ß1 disulfide-linked to GARP. These GARP/TGF-ß1 complexes are possibly shed from the cell surface. Secretion of GARP/TGF-ß1 complexes was not observed with transfected 293 cells and may thus be restricted to the T cell lineage. We conclude that in stimulated human Tregs, GARP not only displays latent TGF-ß1 at the cell surface, but also increases its secretion by forming soluble disulfide-linked complexes. Moreover, we identified six miRNAs that are expressed at lower levels in Treg than in Th clones and that target a short region of the GARP 3’UTR. In transfected Th cells, the presence of this region decreased GARP levels, cleavage of pro-TGF-ß1, and secretion of latent TGF-ß1