Wind power development and policies in China. Review

The People's Republic of China foresees a target of 30 GW for installed wind power capacity by 2010 (2008: 12 GW). This paper reports on the technical and economic potentials of wind power, the recent development, existing obstacles, and related policies in China. The barriers to further commercialization of the wind power market are important and may deter the 100 GW capacity target of the Chinese government by 2020. The paper concludes that the diffusion of wind power in China is an important element for not only reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, but also for worldwide progress of wind power technology and needed economies of scale

Genetic developments in autoimmune thyroid disease: an evolutionary process

The identification of genes placing individuals at an increased risk for the development of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has been a slow process. However, over the last 20 years or so real progress has been made with the mapping of novel loci, via a number of different approaches. First, through the use of traditional immunological methods, Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA)/Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) was the first gene region to be associated with AITD and consistent replications have been reported. Second, the CTLA-4 gene region on 2q33 was the first non-MHC replicated locus to be primarily identified using the candidate gene method. Third, family-based linkage studies led to the mapping of a new type 1 diabetes locus, the PTPN22 gene, which has subsequently been independently replicated as a susceptibility gene for Graves' disease (GD). Fourth, despite many unsuccessful attempts at implicating the TSHR gene as a susceptibility locus for GD, a recent approach of 'tagging' all the common variation within the gene has led to its identification as the first GD specific locus. Moreover, the use of tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has also been used to implicate the recently identified type 1 diabetes locus, CD25 as a susceptibility gene for GD. Finally, large scale, ongoing genome-wide association studies in multiple autoimmune diseases (AID) states, including AITD seem likely to lead to the identification of additional MHC and non-MHC susceptibility loci. © 2007 The Authors