Quality improvement and geographical indication of cacha\ue7a (Brazilian spirit) by using locally selected yeast strains

AimsIn order to improve the quality and to create a biological basis for obtainment of the protected denomination of origin (PDO), indigenous yeast were isolated and characterized for use in Salinas city (the Brazilian region of quality\ua0cacha\ue7a\ua0production).Material and methodsSeven thousand and two hundred yeast colonies from 15 Salinas city distilleries were screened based on their fermentative behaviour and the physicochemical composition of cacha\ue7a. Molecular polymorphic analyses were performed to characterize these isolates.ResultsTwo\ua0Saccharomyces cerevisiae\ua0strains (nos. 678 and 680) showed appropriate characteristics to use in the\ua0cacha\ue7a\ua0production: low levels of acetaldehyde and methanol, and high ethyl lactate/ethyl acetate ratio respectively. They also presented polymorphic characteristics more closely related between themselves even when compared to other strains from Salinas.ConclusionsThe application of selected yeast to\ua0cacha\ue7a\ua0production can contribute for the improvement of the quality product as well as be used as a natural marker for PDO.Significance and Impact of the StudyThis study suggests that the use of selected yeast strains could contribute to obtain a\ua0cacha\ue7a\ua0similar to those produced traditionally, while getting wide acceptation in the market, yet presenting more homogeneous organoleptic characteristics, and thus contributing to the PDO implementation

Rendimento corporal e composição química de jundiás alimentados com diferentes níveis de proteína e energia na dieta, criados em tanques-rede Catfish (jundia) body yield and chemical composition fed different protein and energy level in the diet, reared in net-tanks

Objetivou-se analisar o rendimento corporal e a composição química de jundiás, Rhamdia quelen, alimentados com rações contendo diferentes níveis de proteína e energia e criados em sistema de tanques-rede. Utilizou-se a densidade inicial de 70 peixes/m³, em 18 tanques-rede (5,0 m³), durante 324 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com dois fatores - níveis de proteína bruta (PB), 25, 30 ou 35%; e níveis de energia digestível (ED): 3.250 e 3.500 kcal - e três repetições. A dieta foi fornecida à vontade, mas mensurada diariamente. No início, um lote de peixes foi sacrificado para determinação dos parâmetros corporais e químicos. A cada 28 dias, dois peixes de cada unidade experimental foram abatidos para determinação dos comprimentos total e padrão, do peso total e dos pesos de fígado, gônadas, cabeça, tronco limpo e gordura visceral, respectivamente. Posteriormente, foram realizados cálculos dos índices hepatossomático e gonadossomático, da porcentagem de cabeça e do rendimento de carcaça e do rendimento de tronco limpo. A partir do mês de junho de 2006, também foram registrados o rendimento de filé e o sexo dos indivíduos. Para determinação da composição da carne do jundiá, foram realizadas as análises químicas de umidade, proteína bruta, lipídios e matéria mineral. O fornecimento da ração com 30% de PB resultou em maior rendimento de tronco limpo. A composição do músculo não foi influenciada pelas dietas testadas. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com a utilização de dietas contendo 30% de PB e 3.250 kcal de energia digestível/kg.<br>The objective of this study was to analyze the body yield and the chemical composition of catfish (jundia), Rhamdia quelen, reared in net-tanks and fed with diets containing different levels of protein and energy. An initial density of 70 fish/m³, in 18 net-tanks (5.0 m³) was used, for 324 days. A randomized complete design was used, with two factors: Crude Protein (CP) at three levels, 25, 30 and 35%; and Digestible energy (DE) at two levels, 3,250 and 3,500 kcal, and three replications. The diet was given freely, but it was measured daily. At the beginning of the experiment, one group of fish was killed to determine the body and chemical parameters. Every 28 days, two individuals of each experimental unit were killed and measured: total and standard length, total weight, liver, gonads, head, clean torso (CT) and visceral fat weight, respectively. Subsequently, the hepatosomatic index, gonadosomatic index, head percentage, carcass and clean torso yield were calculated. The fillet yield and the sex of the individuals were also registered from June/2006 on. Analyses of humidity, crude protein, lipids and mineral matter were conducted for the chemical composition of the jundia meat. Feed with 30% CP provided fish with better clean torso yield. The muscle composition was not influenced by the tested diets. The best result was obtained using diets containing 30% CP and 3,250 kcal digestible energy/kg