Connecting SiO4 in Silicate and Silicate Chain Networks to Compute Kulli Temperature Indices

A topological index is a numerical parameter that is derived mathematically from a graph structure. In chemical graph theory, these indices are used to quantify the chemical properties of chemical compounds. We compute the first and second temperature, hyper temperature indices, the sum connectivity temperature index, the product connectivity temperature index, the reciprocal product connectivity temperature index and the F temperature index of a molecular graph silicate network and silicate chain network. Furthermore, a QSPR study of the key topological indices is provided, and it is demonstrated that these topological indices are substantially linked with the physicochemical features of COVID-19 medicines. This theoretical method to find the temperature indices may help chemists and others in the pharmaceutical industry forecast the properties of silicate networks and silicate chain networks before trying

Cryospheric Excitation on the Earth's Chandler Wobble and Implications From a Warming World

Abstract Leveraging Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mascon products spanning from April 2002 to September 2023, we, for the first time, ascertain the substantial influence of cryospheric mass variations on Earth's Chandler wobble (CW). Further, in contrast to traditional analysis conducted in the excitation domain, this study focuses on the polar motion domain and incorporates the wavelet analysis technique. Our findings reveal some intriguing phenomena: Between 2006 and 2020, the cryosphere contributed an average amplitude of approximately 4.85 mas to CW, equivalent to 5.05%, with its impact escalating to about 11 mas from 2018 to 2022, representing a fourfold rise in its contribution ratio to approximately 20%. This marked surge can be attributed to the more erratic glacier mass balance results from ongoing climate change. Moreover, there is a pronounced decrease in the CW signal post‐2018, which starkly contrasts with cryospheric contribution, suggesting a potential linkage to climate change yet warrants further investigation

Contents and antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds in Hawk tea with different maturity levels

To study the difference in the contents of phenolics and the antioxidant activities between two kinds of Hawk tea of different maturity levels, and to evaluate their qualities, the contents of 15 phenolic compounds were determined using LC-MS/MS method. Then, the antioxidant activities of two types of tea were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging rate, ABTS+ radical scavenging rate, and Fe3+ ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). And then, the contents of 15 phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activities between two kinds of Hawk tea of different maturity levels were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the contents of 15 phenolic compounds, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to classify two kinds of Hawk tea. Finally, the contribution of different phenolic compounds in Hawk tea to antioxidation was discussed by partial least square regression analysis (PLSR). The results were as follows: (1) The contents of catechin, p-coumaric acid, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, nicotiflorin, astragalin, kaempferol, quercetin, and afzelin in tender leaf tea were significantly higher than those in old leaf tea, among which the average contents of catechin, isoquercitrin, and astragalin were higher than those in old leaf tea by 1 039.43, 169.12 and 257.35 mg·100 g-1, respectively. The results of HCA, PCA, and OPLS-DA could distinguish two kinds of Hawk tea. (2) The ANOVA showed significant differences in DPPH radical scavenging rate, ABTS+ radical scavenging rate, and FRAP between two kinds of tea, with the tender leaf tea superior to the old leaf tea. (3) The PLSR suggested that isoquercitrin, catechin, astragalin, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, p-coumaric acid, and kaempferol were the main phenolic compounds those contributed to the antioxidant activity of Hawk tea. This study can provide a reference for Hawk tea's quality control and application promotion

Triglyceride-glucose index, renal function and cardiovascular disease: a national cohort study

Abstract Background The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a predictor of cardiovascular diseases; however, to what extent the TyG index is associated with cardiovascular diseases through renal function is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the complex association of the TyG index and renal function with cardiovascular diseases using a cohort design. Methods This study included participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) free of cardiovascular diseases at baseline. We performed adjusted regression analyses and mediation analyses using Cox models. The TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Renal function was defined by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results A total of 6 496 participants were included in this study. The mean age of the participants was 59.6 ± 9.5 years, and 2996 (46.1%) were females. During a maximum follow-up of 7.0 years, 1 996 (30.7%) people developed cardiovascular diseases, including 1 541 (23.7%) cases of heart diseases and 651 (10.0%) cases of stroke. Both the TyG index and eGFR level were significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases. Compared with people with a lower TyG index (median level) and eGFR ≥ 60 ml/minute/1.73 m2, those with a higher TyG index and decreased eGFR had the highest risk of cardiovascular diseases (HR, 1.870; 95% CI 1.131–3.069). Decreased eGFR significantly mediated 29.6% of the associations between the TyG index and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions The combination of a higher TyG index and lower eGFR level was associated with the highest risk of cardiovascular diseases. Renal function could mediate the association between the TyG index and cardiovascular risk

Combined bulked segregant sequencing and traditional linkage analysis for identification of candidate gene for purple leaf sheath in maize

<div><p>Anthocyanin accumulation in various maize tissues plays important roles in plant growth and development. In addition, some color-related traits can be used as morphological markers in conventional maize breeding processes and purity identification of hybrid seeds. Here, we noticed that the leaf sheath color was controlled by a dominant gene, because purple (PSH) and green leaf sheaths (GSH) were separated at a ratio of 3:1 in an F₂ population. To map the gene, an F₂ and a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population were derived from a cross between inbred line T877 (PSH) and DH1M (GSH). The <i>PSH</i> locus was mapped to the genomic region within 128.8 to 138.4 Mb using a bulked segregant sequencing approach. This position was further validated by linkage mapping using 190 F₂ plants with GSH. Subsequently, the <i>PSH</i> locus was fine-mapped into an interval of 304.2 kb. A maize gene, GRMZM5G822829, was identified in this region, encoding a bHLH transcription factor. The expression level of this gene in T877 was found to be 9-fold higher than that of DH1M. In conclusion, our results suggest that GRMZM5G822829 is the putative candidate gene conferring leaf sheath color in maize.</p></div

The relative expression levels of <i>PSH</i> in different tissues for T877 and DH1M.

<p>Root1 and root2 indicated roots exposed to light and in the dark, respectively. The lowercase letters “a” indicate that the gene is almost non-expressed, “**” indicate that a significant difference was detected between T877 and DH1M in the same tissue sample (<i>p</i><0.01).</p

Candidate genes in <i>PSH</i> region.

<p>Candidate genes in <i>PSH</i> region.</p

DNA chip screening across 190 F₂ plants mapped the <i>PSH</i> locus onto chromosome 10.

<p>The black dashed line represents the 5% significance threshold with a Bonferroni correction.</p