Piqui (caryocar Brasiliense Camb) Oil Triglyceride Composition Modification By Enzymatic Way [modificação Por Via Enzimática Da Composição Triglicerídica Do óleo De Piqui (caryocar Brasiliense Camb)]

Piqui (Caryocar brasiliense Camb) oil was transformed into a cocoa butter-like fat through an enzymatic interesterification reaction using Lipozyme in the presence of stearic acid that was incorporated in the sn 1,3-3,1 position into triglyceride. Stearic acid incorporation was determined by HPLC, based on the quantification of the principal triglycerides (POP, POS e SOS) found in cocoa butter. The proposed process was feasible with a reaction time of 240 minutes with 10% of Lipozyme at 70°C and substract weight ratio of 0,33 (stearic acid:piqui oil).2111619Stevenson, R.W., Luddy, F.E., Rothbart, H.L., (1979) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 56, p. 676Posorske, L.H., Lefebvre, G.K., Miller, C.A., Hansen, T.T., Glenvig, B.L., (1988) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 65, p. 922Baliga, B.P., Shitole, A.D., (1981) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 58, p. 110Bhattacharyya, D.K., Banerjee, K., (1987) Fat Sci. Technol., 89, p. 130Ghosh, C.P., Chakrabarti, M.M., Bhattacharyya, D.K., (1983) Fat Sci. Technol., 85, p. 259Sridhar, R., Laksminarayana, G., Kaimal, T.N.B., (1991) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, p. 726Bloomer, S., Adlercreutz, P., Mattiasson, B., (1990) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 67, p. 519(1985) Coordenadoria de Informações TecnológicasBrasília, p. 161. , Ministério da Indústria e do Comércio - Secretaria de Tecnologia e IndústriaProdução de Combustíveis Líquidos a partir de Óleos VegetaisPadley, F.B., Gunstone, F.D., Harwood, J.L., (1995) The Lipids Handbook, p. 49. , Gunstone, F.D.Harwood, J. L.Padley, F. B. Ed.Chapman and HallLondonEigtved, P., Hansen, T.T., Sakaguchi, H., (1986) J. Oil Chem. Soc. Meeting, p. 1. , American Oil Chemists' SocietyHonolulu(1993) Official Methods and Recommended Practices, I-II. , A.O.C.S.American Oil Chemists' Society, 4th. ed.ChampaignHartman, L., Lago, R.C.A., (1973) Lab. Pract., 22, p. 475Schuch, R., Mukherjee, K.D., (1987) J. Agric. Food Chem., 35, p. 1005Deffense, E., (1984) Rev. Fr. Corps Gras., 31, p. 123Chong, C.N., Hoh, Y.M., Wang, C.W., (1992) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 69, p. 13

Optimization Of Chemical Esterification Process Of Saponificated And Acidulated Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate [optimización Del Proceso De Esterificación Química Del Destilado De Desodorización Del Aceite De Soja Previamente Saponificado Y Acidulado]

In this research work, it was optimized the reaction conditions for the chemistry esterification of unsaponifiable matter in soybean oil deodorizer distillate. The process involves (i) alkaline hydrolysis of saponifiable matter; (ii) acidulation of soaps and (iii) acid catalyzed esterification of resulting total fatty acid. To determine the best process conditions to get the higher conversion rates of total fatty acids to ethylic esters, preserving the tocopherols, it was used, to analyze the results, the response surface methodology in a 2nd order factorial planning. In the step (i) saponification of soybean oil deodorizer distillate saponifiable matter using NaOH:total fatty acids molar ratio = 2:1, temperature = 80°0 and reaction time of 40 min. In the step (ii) the resulting soaps were rapidly and stoichiometricatiy converted in free fatty acids with sulfuric acid (23%), using an acid molar excess of 50%, at 80°0, for 40 min and under atmospheric pressure. In the step (iii) the optima conditions for the esterification reaction of soybean oil deodorizer distillate were: ethanol:total fatty acids molar ratio from 8.4 to 11.2:1, H2SO4 concentration from 0.9 to 1.5% and reaction time from 1.3 to 2.8 h, with ethyl esters conversion rates up to 98%. The mathematical model obtained is predictive and statistically significant (p<0.05). The total tocopherol losses during the process were less than 10.5%.532218225Firestone, D., (1997) Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 1-2. , 4th Ed., AOCS Press, Champaign, ILBalazs, I.L., Refining and use of byproducts from various fats and oils (1987) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 64, pp. 1126-1128Barros, N.B., Scarminio, I.S., Bruns, R.E., (1996) Planejamento e Otimização de Experimentos, pp. 61-186. , Editora Unicamp, Campinas, São PauloBox, G.E.P., Hunter, W.G., Hunter, J.S., (1978) Statistics goes Experiments. An Introduction to Design, Data Analysis and Model Building, , Wiley & Sounds Ed., New YorkBrokaw, W., Smith, F.E., Process for Separating Tocopherols and Sterols from Deodorizer Sludge and the like, , Patent U.S. No 3.153.055 (13.10.64)Diplock, A.T., Antioxidant and disease prevention (1994) Mol Aspects of the Medicine, 15, pp. 293-376Dobarganes, M.C., Márquez-Ruiz, G., Size exclusion chromatography in the analysis of lipids (1993) Advances in Lipids Methodology, pp. 113-137. , The Oil Press Ltd, ScotlandFormo, M.W., Ester reactions of fatty materials (1954) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 31, pp. 548-559Hartman, L., Lago, R.C.A., Rapid preparation of fatty acid methyl esters from lipids (1973) Laboratory Practice, 22, pp. 475-476Holen, B., Rapid separation of free sterols by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (1985) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 62, pp. 1344-1346Hauman, B.F., Antioxidants: Firms seeking products they can label as natural (1990) Inform, 1, pp. 1002-1009Khuri, A.I., Cornell, J.A., Response surfaces (1987) Design and Analyses, , Marcel Dekker Ed., New YorkLing, W.H., Jones, P.J.H., Enhanced efficacy of sitostanol-containing versus sitostanol-free phytosterol mistures in altering lipoprotein cholesterol levels and synthesis in rats (1995) Atherosclerosis, 118, pp. 319-331Morrison, R.T., Boyd, R., Carboxylic acids (1992) Organic Chemistry, pp. 713-752. , cap.19, 6a. Ed. Prentice Hall International Inc., LondonPryde, E.H., Composition of soybean oil (1980) Handbook of Soy Oil Processing and Utifization, pp. 13-33. , Ed. WING-AOCS, Champaign, ILRamamurthi, S., Bhirud, P.R., McCurdy, A.R., Enzymatic methylation of canola oil deodorizer distillate (1991) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, pp. 970-975Smith, F.E., (1967) Separation of tocopherols and sterols from deodorizer sludge and the like, , Patent U.S. No 3.335.154 (08.08.67)Winters, R.L., Basic principles and modern practices (1989) Proceedings World Conference Edible Fats and Oils Processing, pp. 186-238. , Erickson D.R., AOCS Press, Champaign, I