37 research outputs found
Complex SUMO-1 Regulation of Cardiac Transcription Factor Nkx2-5
Reversible post-translational protein modifications such as SUMOylation add complexity to cardiac transcriptional regulation. The homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2-5/Csx is essential for heart specification and morphogenesis. It has been previously suggested that SUMOylation of lysine 51 (K51) of Nkx2-5 is essential for its DNA binding and transcriptional activation. Here, we confirm that SUMOylation strongly enhances Nkx2-5 transcriptional activity and that residue K51 of Nkx2-5 is a SUMOylation target. However, in a range of cultured cell lines we find that a point mutation of K51 to arginine (K51R) does not affect Nkx2-5 activity or DNA binding, suggesting the existence of additional Nkx2-5 SUMOylated residues. Using biochemical assays, we demonstrate that Nkx2-5 is SUMOylated on at least one additional site, and this is the predominant site in cardiac cells. The second site is either non-canonical or a “shifting” site, as mutation of predicted consensus sites and indeed every individual lysine in the context of the K51R mutation failed to impair Nkx2-5 transcriptional synergism with SUMO, or its nuclear localization and DNA binding. We also observe SUMOylation of Nkx2-5 cofactors, which may be critical to Nkx2-5 regulation. Our data reveal highly complex regulatory mechanisms driven by SUMOylation to modulate Nkx2-5 activity
Cardiac and pulmonary alterations in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs infectednaturally with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi
Biochar: pyrogenic carbon for agricultural use: a critical review.
O biocarvĂŁo (biomassa carbonizada para uso agrĂcola) tem sido usado como condicionador do solo em todo o mundo, e essa tecnologia Ă© de especial interesse para o Brasil, uma vez que tanto a ?inspiração?, que veio das Terras Pretas de ĂŤndios da AmazĂ´nia, como o fato de o Brasil ser o maior produtor mundial de carvĂŁo vegetal, com a geração de importante quantidade de resĂduos na forma de finos de carvĂŁo e diversas biomassas residuais, principalmente da agroindĂşstria, como bagaço de cana, resĂduos das indĂşstrias de madeira, papel e celulose, biocombustĂveis, lodo de esgoto etc. Na Ăşltima dĂ©cada, diversos estudos com biocarvĂŁo tĂŞm sido realizados e atualmente uma vasta literatura e excelentes revisões estĂŁo disponĂveis. Objetivou-se aqui nĂŁo fazer uma revisĂŁo bibliográfica exaustiva, mas sim uma revisĂŁo crĂtica para apontar alguns destaques na pesquisa sobre biochar. Para isso, foram selecionados alguns temaschave considerados crĂticos e relevantes e fez-se um ?condensado? da literatura pertinente, mais para orientar as pesquisas e tendĂŞncias do que um mero olhar para o passad
Review on the transmission porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus between pigs and farms and impact on vaccination
Evaluation of clinical signs, parasitemia, hematologic and biochemical changes in cattle experimentally infected with Trypanosoma vivax
Rotavirus A genotype G1P[8]: a novel method to distinguish wild-type strains from the Rotarix® vaccine strain
A multi-country study of intussusception in children under 2Â years of age in Latin America: analysis of prospective surveillance data
BACKGROUND: Intussusception (IS) is a form of acute intestinal obstruction that occurs mainly in infants and is usually of unknown cause. An association between IS and the first licensed rotavirus vaccine, a reassortant-tetravalent, rhesus-based rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV), led to the withdrawal of the vaccine. New rotavirus vaccines have now been developed and extensively studied for their potential association with IS. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and to estimate the incidence of IS in Latin American infants prior to new vaccine introduction. METHODS: Children under 2Â years of age representing potential IS cases were enrolled in 16 centers in 11 Latin American countries from January 2003 to May 2005. IS cases were classified as definite, probable, possible or suspected as stated on the Brighton Collaboration Working Group guidelines. RESULTS: From 517 potential cases identified, 476 (92%) cases were classified as definite, 21 probable, 10 possible and 10 suspected for intussusception. Among the 476 definite IS cases, the median age at presentation was 6.4Â months with 89% of cases aged <1Â year. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The incidence of definite IS per 100,000 subject-years ranged from 1.9 in Brazil to 62.4 in Argentina for children <2Â years of age, and from 3.8 in Brazil to 105.3 in Argentina for children aged <1Â year. Median hospital stay was 4Â days with a high prevalence of surgery as the primary treatment (65%). Most cases (88%) made a complete recovery, but 13 (3%) died. No clear seasonal pattern of IS cases emerged. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the epidemiology and estimates the incidence of IS in Latin American infants prior to the introduction of new rotavirus vaccines. The incidence of IS was found to vary between different countries, as observed in previous studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical study identifier 999910/204 (SERO-EPI-IS-204