31 research outputs found
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Deployment of an aerial platform system for rapid restoration of communications links after a disaster: A machine learning approach
Having reliable telecommunication systems in the immediate aftermath of a catastrophic event makes a huge difference in the combined effort by local authorities, local fire and police departments, and rescue teams to save lives. This paper proposes a physical model that links base stations that are still operational with aerial platforms and then uses a machine learning framework to evolve ground-to-air propagation model for such an ad hoc network. Such a physical model is quick and easy to deploy and the underlying air-to-ground (ATG) propagation models are both resilient and scalable and may use a wide range of link budget, grade of service (GoS), and quality of service (QoS) parameters to optimise their performance and in turn the effectiveness of the physical model. The prediction results of a simulated deployment of such a physical model and the evolved propagation model in an ad hoc network offers much promise in restoring communication links during emergency relief operations
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Autonomous flying IoT: A synergy of machine learning, digital elevation, and 3D structure change detection
Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). The research work presented in this paper has been funded by a national research project whose aims are to enable an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to fly autonomously with the use of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the target area and to detect terrain changes with the use of a 3D Structure Change Detection Model (3D SCDM). A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) works with both models in training the UAV in autonomous flying and in detecting terrain changes. The usability of such an autonomous flying IoT is demonstrated through its deployment in the search for water resources in areas where a satellite would not normally be able to retrieve images, e.g., inside gorges, ravines, or caves. Our experiment results show that it can detect water flows by considering different surface shapes such as standing water polygons, watersheds, water channel incisions, and watershed delineations with a 99.6% level of accuracy.This work was supported by the Food; Taif University through the research project TURSP-2020/265
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Correction to: Performance optimization of tethered balloon technology for public safety and emergency communications
This is a correction to the article available at: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/18557. The original article has been corrected: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-019-00580-
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Performance optimization of tethered balloon technology for public safety and emergency communications
The original version of this article was revised: The co-author name “M. C. Angelides” and email address has been updated. A correction to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-019-00589-1 and at: https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/19704
Red Sea Sponge Callyspongia siphonella Extract Induced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in Breast MCF-7 and Hepatic HepG-2 Cancer Cell Lines in 2D and 3D Cell Cultures
Sana A Fadil,1,2 Fadwa A Aljoud,2,3 Ahmed R Yonbawi,1 Ahmad J Almalki,4 Rawan H Hareeri,5 Abrar Ashi,2,6 Mehal Atallah AlQriqri,2 Nada S Bawazir,2 Hadeel H Alshangiti,2 Lamiaa A Shaala,7,8 Diaa TA Youssef,1,8,9 Faris A Alkhilaiwi1,2 1Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; 2Regenerative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; 3Scientific Research Center, Dar Al-Hekma University, Jeddah, 22246, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; 7Suez Canal University Hospital, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt; 8Natural Products Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; 9Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41523, EgyptCorrespondence: Sana A Fadil; Faris A Alkhilaiwi, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: The increasing incidence of cancer diseases necessitates the urgent exploration of new bioactive compounds. One of the trends in drug discovery is marine sponges which is gaining significant support due to the abundant production of natural pharmaceutical compounds obtained from marine ecosystems. This study evaluates the anticancer properties of an organic extract from the Red Sea sponge Callyspongia siphonella (C. siphonella) on HepG-2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines.Methods: C. siphonella was collected, freeze-dried, and extracted using a methanol-dichloromethane mixture. The extract was analyzed via Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Cytotoxic effects were assessed through cell viability assays, apoptosis detection, cell cycle analysis, mitochondrial membrane potential assays, scratch-wound healing assays, and 3D cell culture assays.Results: Fifteen compounds were identified in the C. siphonella extract. The extract showed moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HepG-2 cells, with IC50 values of 35.6 ± 6.9 μg/mL and 64.4 ± 8 μg/mL, respectively, after 48 hours of treatment. It induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in MCF-7 cells and the S phase in HepG-2 cells. Apoptosis increased significantly in both cell lines, accompanied by reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. The extract inhibited cell migration, with notable reductions after 24 and 48 hours. In 3D cell cultures, the extract had IC50 values of 5.1 ± 2 μg/mL for MCF-7 and 166.4 ± 27 μg/mL for HepG-2 after 7 days of treatment, showing greater potency in MCF-7 spheres compared to HepG-2 spheres.Discussion and Conclusion: The anticancer activity is attributed to the bioactive compounds. The C. siphonella extract’s ability to induce apoptosis, disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential, and arrest the cell cycle highlights its potential as a novel anticancer agent. Additional research is required to investigate the underlying mechanism by which this extract functions as a highly effective anticancer agent. Keywords: Red Sea sponge, Callyspongia siphonella, breast cancer cell lines, hepatic cancer cell line, 2D and 3D cultures, cytotoxic activit
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A Machine Learning Approach to Evolving an Optimal Propagation Model for Last Mile Connectivity using Low Altitude Platforms
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An enhanced design of a 5G MIMO antenna for fixed wireless aerial access
© The Author(s) 2021. A recent market prediction is that 5G Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) will more than double over the next five years and trials at the same period in London suggest promising results. However, the shift to 5G FWA has raised a new set of research challenges in relation to speed of deployment and re-deployment, coverage, power consumption, end user mobility and last mile connectivity, to name just a few, because of the much higher expectations. A recent review reveals that key 5G Physical Layer technologies that will enable wide mobile and FWA have not kept up pace. In response to some of those research challenges, this paper presents the design of a 5G Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Antenna that is mounted on a tethered aerostat, and the combination of which serves as a 5G FWA aerial station. The antenna design features several novelties and the aerial station can provide last mile connectivity to a wide coverage footprint, with moderate power consumption and operating at high speeds. Both the evaluation of the antenna performance using several key performance indicators and the validation of the aerial station as a 5G FWA in a wireless sensor network (WSN) proof-of-concept application reveal efficiency gains.Taif University research project TURSP-2020/265
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A serious gaming approach for optimization of energy allocation in CubeSats
Data availability: All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this article.Copyright © The Author(s) 2023. Energy consumption remains an open challenge in aerial systems such as CubeSats and therefore optimization of its allocation is a top priority for maximizing operational capacity. Our research review reveals a plethora of approaches for optimization of energy allocation and all achieving varying degrees of success and not without any compromises. In this paper, we exploit the use of serious gaming in a novel energy allocation algorithm that aims at minimizing energy consumption to maximize the utilities of both CubeSats and terrestrial sensors. To demonstrate this, we use Stackelberg for serious gaming and standalone topology for CubeSat configuration. The experimental results show that the use of a Stackelberg game approach for optimization has led to reduction in the required transmission energy in sensors, an improved link performance between the CubeSat and ground sensors, and an increase in network lifetime and performance without resorting into sensor power enhancements or other external power sources. The overall average operational capacity improvement predictions range between 22 to 27% across all performance indicators of energy efficiency across RF chains of link budgets
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