Methodology for Manpower Planning in Egypt

This paper was written as a contribution to the Employment Strategy Mission to Egypt in Summer 1980. The mission was headed by Prof. B. Hansen and sponsored by the ILO, Geneva, Switzerland. The paper has six principal sectors. -- The current employment situation is reviewed rather briefly together with a short summary of some of the historical forces which shaped it. -- Present manpower planning efforts are discussed. Most efforts tend to concentrate on the supply situation. Demand projections face a number of difficulties -- the role of the large Government and public sector, migrants and lack of data on most sectors. There is little integration of supply and demand to provide policy advice on education investment. Education planning poses a number of difficult problems because of the inherent time lags and the large uncertainties involved. -- A number of macro models are reviewed. They fall roughly into two categories, econometric simulation and Leontief type input-output based approaches. They were developed largely to answer specific policy issues. -- The EMM (GEM) model was used during the mission to simulate various policy alternatives, some modifications were introduced to the model during this period and a number of others proposed. -- The data situation is reviewed both at the general level and for addressing specific manpower policy issues. A modular system is proposed which would seek to rectify two of the biggest data problems at the moment -- lack of up to date reliable data and the cost and effort of mounting large scale gathering and analysis operations. -- The report concludes with a number of recommendations for modeling and data problems

Technology, Environment, Agriculture

This paper discusses some of the issues in the technology-environment-agriculture linkage. It indicates some of the measures which have been used to guide policy in this complex area and mentions some of the difficulties. A number of areas of research are identified which might be suitable for IIASA

BRAZIL 1 - Production. The Production Module of the Brazilian General Equilibrium Model

Brazil has one of the world's most dynamic economies, with sustained high growth since 1964. The agricultural sector has made a substantial contribution to this. Much of the growth here has been acheved by increasing the cropped area with relatively modest increases in yield. This paper analyzes overall growth performance of this sector and provides estimates of supply functions for 19 commodities. These estimates are based primarily on time series data over the period 1964-1977. The results form a basis for the agricultural production module whch is used in the Brazil general equilibrium planning model

The Welfare Costs of Tied Food Aid

The aid given to some developing countries often has conditions attached. This is particularly true in the case of food aid. These conditions are often referred to in the literature as tied aid. This paper analyses various tying techniques. It estimates the type of losses which ensue and some of the strategies that may be adopted by the recipients

BRAZIL 2 - Consumption. Analysis of Consumption Patterns by Region and Income Class with Emphasis on Food Categories

This paper discusses consumption patterns in Brazil. Most of the results are based on the ENDEF National Household Expenditure Survey 1974/75. It provides estimates of expenditure shares and elasticities for seven broad expenditure classes both at the national and regional level and by income class. Food consumption is then analysed under seventeen separate commodity headings. This is also done at the regional level and by income class. This analysis also provides the basis for the consumption module of the Brazil general equilibrium planning model -- BPM

Quality Effects in Consumer Behaviour

The problem of quality effects on consumer behavior is considered in a model for demand which is somewhat different from traditional approaches. Some empirical results on food consumption patterns indicate that as income rises in most instances people spend a portion of the increase on larger quantities but much of the increase goes on higher priced varieties. The implications of these phenomena are discussed for programs aimed at improvement in nutritional status

Kenyan Agriculture: Toward 2000

This study of the Kenyan economy, which places particular emphasis on the agricultural sector, analyzes the production structure and demand patterns, the latter by income class. It discusses current policies and makes predictions for the situation in the year 2000. Then, for problems envisaged by this report and other observers for this future time, it considers a number of solution strategies

Social Accounting Matrix for Egypt 1976

A Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) is presented for Egypt for 1976. It is based on the data available to the authors up to early 1978. While some parts may be improved as new data becomes available, the current matrix sheds light on a number of policy issues in Egypt. This work forms a basic part of the overall Egyptian model which is being constructed as part of the Food and Agriculture Program at IIASA

Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET

The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR

Erratum: "A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo" (2021, ApJ, 909, 218)

[no abstract available