Effect of Pretreatment on the Enhancement of Biodegradation of Olive Mill Effluent for Treatment in an Anaerobic Cross-Flow Filter Reactor

In this study, various chemical and advanced oxidation processes were tested for enhancement of anaerobic biodegradation of olive mill effluent (OME). The experiments were carried out in a 20 L lab-scale ACF reactor packed with cross-flow filter material made of water-resistant cardboard with a specific surface area of ~300 m2 m–3. The ACF reactor was operated at chosen OLR conditions and fed with different pre-treated OME samples for 240 days (717 days in total). All pretreatment options used in this study improved the anaerobic biological degradation in terms of COD, phenolics and color removal efficiencies. Best effluent quality (5700±250 mg COD per liter) was obtained by using the Fenton process as a pre-treatment. This effluent value is still higher than the official discharge limit for COD (4000 mg COD per liter) in Turkey. Therefore, additional final treatment (e.g. membrane filtration) may be required before discharging into the sewer line

Enhancement of Hybrid SPEEK Based Polymer–Cyclodextrin-Silica Inorganic Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application

Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is one of several types of fuel cells that use proton exchange membrane (PEM) as a liaison between the reaction at the cathode and anode. Polyether-ether ketone (PEEK) is one of the aromatic polymer that can be applied in DMFC because of its characteristics that are resistant to DMFC environment. The polymer is also quite easy in the sulfonation process using concentrated sulfuric acid. However the role of polyether-ether ketone as DMFC membrane material is still lack of advantage due to its low conductivity and therefore the modification is required to increase the value of proton conductivity of the membrane. The purpose of this experiment is to modify the membrane (sPEEK) with the addition of cyclodextrins-silica, additive variation charge of 2%, 6% and 10%, time and temperature were fixed at 4 hours and 65oC. The results showed the best results of membrane sPEEK was obtained at the addition of -cyclodextrin -silica 10% with the membrane characteristics of ion exchange capacity of 2.19 meq / g polymer, the degree of sulfonation of 81%, methanol permeability of 3.09 x 10-9 cm2 / s and water uptake membrane of 64%.Article History: Received January 18th 2017; Received in revised form April 21st 2017; Accepted June 22nd 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Kusworo, T.D., Hakim, M.F. and Hadiyanto, H. (2017) Enhancement of Hybrid SPEEK Based Polymer–Cyclodextrin-Silica Inorganic Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(2), 165-170.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.2.165-17

Foam Behaviour of an Aqueous Solution of Piperazine- N-Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) Blend as a Function of the Type of Impurities and Concentrations

This study focuses on the effect of impurities in the natural gas stream on the characteristic of foam behaviour in the blended piperazine and MDEA solution. Hydrocarbon liquids, Iron Sulphide, Sodium Chloride, Acetic Acid, Methanol and Polyethylene Glycol were used as the impurities. The results indicated that the type of impurities determined the foam formation of the amine solution. The concentration of piperazine-MDEA blends also enhanced to the increasing of the foam height of blended piperazine-MDEA. Iron sulfide, hydrocarbon and sodium chloride are the impurities which apparently contributed to the high foaming tendency of the solutions. At the same concentration of the impurities, iron sulfide appeared as the most influential contaminant to the foam formation, which promoted the highest foamability in any concentrations of the blend piperazine-MDE

Pengaruh Transglutaminase Terhadap Mutu Edible Film Gelatin Kulit Ikan Kakap Putih (Lates Calcalifer)

Plastik merupakan pengemas makanan yang berpotensi menyebabkan keracunan bila digunakan pada makanan, sehingga diperlukan bahan kemasan yang aman apabila dikonsumsi oleh manusia yaitu edible film. Edible film yang terbuat dari protein mempunyai sifat hidrofilik sehingga dapat menyerap sejumlah air pada RH tinggi. Penggunaan transglutaminase membantu memperbaiki kualitas edible film. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan transglutaminase terhadap nilai permeabilitas uap air, kadar air, ketebalan, persen pemanjangan, kekuatan tarik, dan kelarutan. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah gelatin, transglutaminase, dan gliserol. Metode penelitian bersifat experimental laboratories dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan perbedaan konsentrasi transglutaminase (0,2%; 0,4%; 0,6%) serta kontrol dengan pengulangan 3 kali. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA, jika hasil Fhitung ≥ Ftabel maka dilakukan uji lanjut Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan transglutaminase dapat menurunkan permeabilitas uap air dan kadar air, serta meningkatkan ketebalan, kekuatan tarik, dan persen pemanjangan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan transglutaminase dibandingkan tanpa penambahan transglutaminase dapat merubah nilai permeabilitas uap air 0,775 -1,13 (g.m-1.s-1.pa-1), kadar air 13,45 - 15,26 (%), ketebalan 0,081 – 0,107 (mm), persen pemanjangan 14,13 – 79,67 (%), kekuatan tarik 5,18 – 39,71 (MPa). Plastic are food packaging that potentially causes toxicity when it is used in food, so we need packaging materials which is safe when consumed by humans being, one of them is edible film. Edible film is made from proteins which have hydrophilic properties so it can be absorbed a certain amount of water at high RH. The used of transglutaminase help to improve the quality of edible film. The aimed of this study was to determine the effect of transglutaminase on water vapor permeability value, moisture content, thickness, percent elongation, tensile strength, and solubility. The materials used in this study were gelatin, transglutaminase, and glycerol. The researched method was experimental laboratories used completely randomized design (CRD), which consists of 3 different treatments of transglutaminase concentration (0.2%; 0.4%; 0.6%) and control in triplicates. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, if the result Fcount ≥ Ftable then the treatment performed by Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). The results showed that the addition of transglutaminase decrease the water vapor permeability and water content, as well as increasing the thickness, tensile strength, and percent elongation. The research showed that the addition of transglutaminase compared to without transglutaminase indicates changes on water vapor permeability values 0,775 to 1,13 (g.m-1.s-1.pa-1), the water content of 13,45 to 15,26 (% ), thickness 0,081 to 0,107 (mm), percent elongation 14,13 to 79,67 (%), tensile strength 5,18 to 39,71 (MPa)

Fabrication and Characterization of Polyimide-CNTs Hybrid Membrane to Enhance High Performance CO2 Separation

This study investigates the CO2 separation performance of a hybrid membranes flat sheet based on polyimide incorporated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) particles. CNTs was selected and its loading were a 1 wt% in total solid. The hybrid composite membranes were fabricated in order to increase their separation performance for the gaseous mixture of CO2 and CH4. Hybrid Composite membrane incorporated carbon nanotubes were mannufactured by the dry-wet phase inversion technique using flat sheet membrane casting machine system, in which the CNTs were embedded into the polyimide membrane and the resulting membranes were characterized. The results from the FESEM, DSC and FTIR analysis confirmed that chemical modification on carbon nanotubes surface had taken place. Sieve-in-a-cage\u27 morphology observed shows the poor adhesion between polymer and unmodified CNT. The results revealed that the good multi-wall carbon nanotubes dispersion leads to enhanced gas permeation properties. It is also concluded that addition of carbon nanotubes particles into the matrix of Polyimide polymer has significant effect on the membrane structure and properties

The Effect of Functionalization Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) on the Performance of PES-CNTs Mixed Matrix Membrane

A new type of mixed matrix membrane consisting of functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyethersulfone (PES) is prepared for biogas purification. PES mixed matrix membrane with and without modification of carbon nanotubes were prepared by a dry/wet phase inversion technique using a pneumatically flat sheet membrane casting machine system. The modified carbon nanotubes were prepared by treating the carbon nanotubes with chemical modification using Dynasylan Ameo (DA) silane agent to allow PES chains to be grafted on carbon nanotubes surface. The results from the FESEM, DSC and FTIR analysis confirmed that chemical modification on carbon nanotubes surface had taken place. Meanwhile, the nanogaps in the interface of polymer and carbon nanotubes were appeared in the PES mixed matrix membrane with unmodified of carbon nanotubes. The modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane increases the mechanical properties, the productivity and purity of biogas. For PES-modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane the maximum selectivity achieved for CO2/CH4 is 36.7

Application of Activated Carbon Mixed Matrix Membrane for Oxygen Purification

This study is performed primarily to investigate the effect of activated carbon on oxygen separation performance of polyethersulfone mixed matrix membrane. In this study, polyethersulfone (PES)-activated carbon (AC) mixed matrix membranes were fabricated using dry/wet technique. This study investigates the effect of polyethersulfone concentration and activated carbon loading on the performance of mixed matrix membrane in terms of permeability and selectivity of O2/N2 gas separation. The fabricated flat sheet mixed matrix membranes were characterized using permeation test, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). It was found that the activated carbon loading affected the gas separation performance of mixed matrix membrane. PES- 1wt% AC membrane yielded 3.75 of O2/N2 selectivity, however 5 wt% of AC can produced 5 O2/N2 selectivit

CO2 Removal From Biogas Using Carbon Nanotubes Mixed Matrix Membranes

A new type of mixed matrix membrane consisting of polyethersulfone (PES) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is prepared for biogas purification application. PES mixed matrix membrane with and without modification of carbon nanotubes were prepared by a dry/wet phase inversion technique using a pneumatically membrane casting machine system. The modified carbon nanotubes were prepared by treating the carbon nanotubes with chemical modification using acid treatment to allow PES chains to be grafted on carbon nanotubes surface. The results from the FESEM, DSC and FTIR analysis confirmed that chemical modification on carbon nanotubes surface had taken place. Meanwhile, the nanogaps in the interface of polymer and carbon nanotubes were appeared in the PES mixed matrix membrane with unmodified of carbon nanotubes. The modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane increases the mechanical properties and the permeability of all gases. For PES-modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane the maximum selectivity achieved for CO2/CH4 is 23.5