Transmission dynamics: Data sharing in the COVID-19 era

Problem: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic underscores the need for building and sustaining public health data infrastructure to support a rapid local, regional, national, and international response. Despite a historical context of public health crises, data sharing agreements and transactional standards do not uniformly exist between institutions which hamper a foundational infrastructure to meet data sharing and integration needs for the advancement of public health. Approach: There is a growing need to apply population health knowledge with technological solutions to data transfer, integration, and reasoning, to improve health in a broader learning health system ecosystem. To achieve this, data must be combined from healthcare provider organizations, public health departments, and other settings. Public health entities are in a unique position to consume these data, however, most do not yet have the infrastructure required to integrate data sources and apply computable knowledge to combat this pandemic. Outcomes: Herein, we describe lessons learned and a framework to address these needs, which focus on: (a) identifying and filling technology gaps ; (b) pursuing collaborative design of data sharing requirements and transmission mechanisms; (c) facilitating cross-domain discussions involving legal and research compliance; and (d) establishing or participating in multi-institutional convening or coordinating activities. Next steps: While by no means a comprehensive evaluation of such issues, we envision that many of our experiences are universal. We hope those elucidated can serve as the catalyst for a robust community-wide dialogue on what steps can and should be taken to ensure that our regional and national health care systems can truly learn, in a rapid manner, so as to respond to this and future emergent public health crises

A model of Fe3+-Kaolinite, Al3+-Goethite, Al3+-Hematite equilibria in laterites

Cet article propose un modèle thermodynamique, basé sur un équilibre idéal solide-solution, pour le système Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O prenant en compte les activités de l'eau et de la silice. Le modèle permet de calculer la quantité des phases présentes, les pourcentages de substitution en Al et Fe pour la geothite, l'hématite, la Kaolinite ainsi que la stabilité des phases sous différentes conditions

In situ continuous monitoring of soil solution chemistry

International audienc